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at “ home” ? Adapting to this difference and anticipating the problems before they arise ? Difficult to generalize in one particular ment or statement The cases may arise ? A specific port is not equipped with sufficient cold storage warehousing space ? Doesn’ t have an appropriately sized crane ? In experiencing delays in getting the goods from the port to the reminder of the country ? The road is particular congested ? A specific tunnel has recently been closed ? A railroad is experiencing shortage of appropriately cars 物流設施 port infrastructure ? Depth of water ? Bridge clearance ? Crane ? Port operations ? Warehousing space ? Connection with the landbased transportation services ? Port capacity Depth of water (draft of water) Bridge clearance ? In Some old port ,the bridge is too close to the water leaving little clearance for tall ships and ships carrying outsized cargo ? The cargo has to be dismantled or repositioned ? The ship lower with ballast water ? Make delivery at low tide ? The port of Yangshan Crane ? The arms of the traditional crane for panamax ship (the width is 13 containers) is too short for the postpanamax ships (as wide as 18 containers) ? Load one side and then another size ? Consider investment in new cranes ? Increase the reach of the crane (longer and higher) ? Cost may reach $ 50 million ? Create an indented berth to allow the ships to load at both size ? The port of Amsterdam’ s paragon Terminals The size of ships ? 好望角型 (capesize)~ dwt以上 ~ 42 m 寬 ? 巴拿馬型 (panamax)~ 到 dwt~ 32 m 寬 ? 大靈便型 (Handymax bulk carrier) ~ 到 dwt~ 30 m 寬 ? 靈便型達 (handysize) dwt~ 23 m ? 寬駁船各種船型 ~ 各種船型 Port operations ? Work rules ? Long beach work 8 hours a day Warehousing space ? Goods should be protected from the elements ( rain and sun) ? Cigna’ s port of the world ? flood Connection with the landbased transportation services ? Rail and road access to the remainder of the city ? Alameda Corridor ? Port capacity ? Many ports are operating at or near capacity ? Located between the ocean and the city leaving little possibility to expand ? Landfill or purchase real estate (costly) ? The port of Santos in Brazil ? US LNG 運河設施 canals and waterway infrastructure ? Maritime transportation is dependent on the existence and proper maintenance of canals and other channel (the size and the size of lock) canals and waterways infrastructure ? The Bosporus strait in Turkey ? The suez canal ? The panama canal ? The saint Lawrence seaway The Bosporus Strait in Turkey The Suez canal Panama canal The saint lawrence seaway The strait of Malacca 機場設施 airport infrastructure ? Runways ? Hours of operation ? Warehousing space 鐵路設施 rail infrastructure ? Multimodal emphasis ? Land bridges road infrastructure ? Quality ? Civil engineering structure Quality ? The US department of Commerce’ s country mercial guides ? CIA’ s world factbook(美國中央情報局世界各國概況 ) ? In terms of total miles of road and the percentage of these road that paved ? misleading quality Congestion of the road ? Calcutta ? Dehli(蓮花之上:印度行游書 ) ? System of alternating days for traffic Confusion generated by lack of signage and different addressing system ? Cities with easiest addressing system located in ( ) ? Northern American ? Europe ? Mexico80