石油工程專業(yè)英語下重點翻譯完整版(編輯修改稿)
2024-09-07 06:27 本頁面
【文章內容簡介】 hods, the remaining methods provide some means of mechanical support for the formation and help prevent formation movement during stressed that result from fluid flow or pressure drop in the ：（1）生產的限制的方法，（2）機械的方法（3）就地化學膠結方法，及（4）相結合的方法。與生產限制的方法不同，其余的方法提供了一些裝置，用于形成機械支撐，并有助于防止地層在源于儲層中由流體流動和壓力下降引起的應力下運移的方法Production RestrictionIn a sandstone formation, stresses resulting from fluid production or pressure drop act on the minerals that bond the sand grains together, resulting in sand production. One means of reducing this sand production is to restrict the production rate. This method has the lowest initial cost and in some cases, may be a successful alternative to other available methods. However, in most cases, it is not a durable or economical solution to formation sand ，源于流體的生產或壓力下降的應力作用在膠結了砂子顆粒的礦物上，導致了出砂。一種減少這種出砂的方法是限制產量，這種方法成本最低，有時也許會很成功的替換其他方法，然而，大多數情況下它也不是一個持久的經濟的方法。Mechanical Methods Mechanical methods are the most mon well treatments for excluding sand production. Mechanical sandcontrol methods are diverse, but they always include some type of device installed downhole that bridges or filters the sand out of the produced fluids or gases. These devices include a wide array of slotted liners, wirewrapped screens, and prepacked screens, which are generally uses with gravelpack procedures機械方法是最為普通的井下防砂措施。機械防砂法是多樣的，但它們總包含一些固定在井下的裝置橋堵或把砂子從產夜或產氣中過濾出來。這些裝置包含割縫襯管，繞絲篩管，預充填篩管（廣泛用于礫石充填工藝）。Screens and slotted liners enpass a broad range of downhole filtration devices. These devices (1) filter out the formation sand, (2) retain any particular materials, graded sand, or other proppants placed against the formation to support it, and (3) stain out the naturally loose ponent grains. Variations in screen designs, which will be discussed later, are affected by cost, durability, and flow through ，這些設備（1）過濾出地層的砂子（2）保留一些特殊的礦物，分級的砂子，或其他支撐劑充填支撐地層（3）過濾出天然松散的組成顆粒。不同的篩管設計后面將要討論，受成本，耐用性，和流過流體的特性的影響。 Selecting the Appropriate Sand Exclusion Method Once a well is identified as requiring sand exclusion, the appropriate exclusion method must be determined based on the following criteria: (1) economics—the initial cost of the treatment and its effect on production, (2) historical success, (3) applicability—degree of difficulty to perform treatment, and (4) length of service—estimations of sandfree production and need frequency rates for repetition of the 一旦油井被確定為需要防砂，適當的防砂方法，必須根據以下標準確定：（1）經濟能力和其對生產的初始成本，（2）過往的成功（3）適用性實施的難易程度，及（4）服務周期，估計無砂產量，和重復該措施的頻率。Choosing the appropriate technique for sand exclusion requires an indepth understanding of each sand exclusion method and its many modifications and variations. There are merits and limi
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