【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 代詞有who, whom, which, that, whose等，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語等，關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等，在定語從句中作狀語。具體用法如下：1. 關(guān)系代詞的用法先行詞是人，在從句中作主語用 who，作賓語用 whom 或 who，作定語用 whose；先行詞是物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語都用 which，作定語用 of which 或 whose 均可。在限制性定語從句中 which, who, whom 都可用 that 代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞常被省略。如：A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller。開店售書的人叫做書商。He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是唯一可能使他聽從勸告的人。he was not on the trainwhich arrived just now. 她不在剛才到達(dá)的那列火車上。2. 關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞有when, where,why 等，在定語從句中作狀語，分別表示時間、地點(diǎn)和原因。when 通常放在 time, day, season, age, occasion 等時間的名詞后；where 通常放在 place, city, town, village, house, case, point, situation 等地點(diǎn)名詞后；why 通常只放在 reason 后。如：Have you set the daywhen you will move? 你搬遷的日子定了嗎?The book is on the table where you left it. 書在桌子上，你放在那里的。We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我們不知道他為什么沒有來。that 還是 when在通常情況下，表示時間的名詞后應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞 when 來引導(dǎo)定語從句。但下面一句是例外，你能看出它的特殊性嗎？She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our pany.A. which B. when C. how D. where【陷阱】容易誤選B，機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點(diǎn)名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where?！痉治觥空_答案為A。在時間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動詞 spent 缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that。比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語或賓語，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our pany.A. which B. when C. how D. where請再做一組試題(答案均選A)：(1) Our pany will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A. which B. when C. how D. where選A，which 在定語從句中用作動詞 bought 的賓語。(2) Our pany will move to a tall building _______ has just been plete.A. which B. when C. how D. where選A，which 在定語從句中用作主語。(3) Our pany will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A. where B. when C. that D. which選A，where 在定語從句中用作狀語。做題時當(dāng)心定語從句的干擾定語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句請看看這道題：—Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?—It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.A. where B. whichC. that D. when【分析】很可能誤選C，認(rèn)為這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語 in the hall。假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學(xué)生們通常是在大廳開會”，單獨(dú)看這一句，無論是其意思還是其語法均未錯，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來看，則不通，因為上文的意思是“你是在哪兒找到昨天作報告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。其實，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意為“是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開會的那個大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語意就通順了。有這樣一道題，這個 to 的后面該什么呢？The letter they were looking forward to _________ at last.A. arrived B. arriving C. had arrived D. arrive分析：對于此題，基礎(chǔ)稍差的同學(xué)可能選D，認(rèn)為空格前的 to 是不定式符號，所以后接動詞原形；基礎(chǔ)稍好的同學(xué)可能會選B，知道 look forward to 是短語，意為“盼望”，其中的 to 是介詞，而不是不定式符號，所以后接動名詞；只有基礎(chǔ)扎實、語感好、而且細(xì)心的同學(xué)才會選A，誠如上面所說，look forward to 中的 to 是介詞，而不是不定式符號，所以后接動詞作賓語時，要用動名詞，而不用動詞原形。但問題是此句中的動詞 arrive 不是介詞 to 的賓語，而是句子的謂語。句子的正解分析是：the letter 為句子主語，they were looking forward to 是修飾主語的定語從句(介詞 to 的賓語是引導(dǎo)該定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 that，被省略)，arrived 是句子謂語。請看以下試題：(1) The professor you referred to _________ just now.A. es B. e C. ing D. came答案選D，句子主語為 the professor，you referred to 為修飾 the professor 的定語從句，空白處填 came，為句子謂語。(2) The theory he sticks to _________ to be of no use in our studies. A. proves