【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 of Imagism2. Calvinist family詩(shī)歌特點(diǎn):1. Love: “With a Flower”, “Proof” 2. Nature: “A Service of Song”, “Summer Shower”3. Death and immortality: “Because I Could Not Stop for Death”4. Miscellaneous: “Tell all the Truth but tell It Slant”Her techniques originality:1. Capitalizations and dashes2. Metaphors3. symbolismDickinson’s status1. Her unconventionality influenced modern poets like Adrienne Rich, Richard Wilbur, and William Stafford.Along with Walt Whitman, Dickinson is considered a true genius of American poetry of the 19th C.Works1. Because I could not …2. Tell all the Truth but tell it slant3. With A Flower4. Proof5. A Service of Song6. This is my letterAmerican RealismTime Range: 1865 – 1910Background:1. Aftermath of the Civil War Problems: deterioration of moral values。 extremes of wealth and poverty。 majority struggled for survival on the Transcendentalists’ assumptions2. A great interest in the realities of life3. The close of the frontierFeatures:1. Antiromantic, antisentimental 。 truthful description of life真實(shí)性 2. Typical character and plot under typical setting人物情節(jié)與背景的典型性、代表性 3. Objective rather than idealized view of human nature and experience客觀性 4. Concern for social and psychological problems關(guān)注社會(huì)與個(gè)人心理問(wèn)題 Realistic Techniques (1). Settings thoroughly familiar to the writer(2). Plots emphasizing the norm of daily experience(3). Ordinary characters, studied in depth(4). Complete authorial objectivity(5). Responsible morality。 a world truly reported Representative Writers and Works:1. William Dean Howells is the the champion of literary realism in America. His The Rise of Silas Lapham, is about critical of the rise of materialism in American life2. Henry James is the forefather of psychological analysis and stream of consciousness.His famous work is The Portrait of a Lady.3. Mark Twain represents social life through portraits of local places which he knew best.His famous word is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.William Dean Howells （1837 — 1920）1. middle class2. smiling aspect3. Lacking of psychological depth Major Works1. The Rise of Silas Lapham （1885） 《塞拉斯拉帕姆的發(fā)跡》Protagonist: Silas Lapham, a selfmade man , a upstart2. A Modern Instance （1881） 《現(xiàn)代婚姻》3. Indian Summer （1886） 《晚秋之曖》4. Annie Kilburn （ 1888） 《安妮吉爾伯恩》5. A Hazard of New Fortunes （1890） 《時(shí)來(lái)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)》6. A Chance AcquaintanceHenry James（1843 — 1916）1. upper class2. Harvard3. Novelist, critic, playwright, essayist4. Forefather of psychological analysis and stream of consciousness5. International theme: American innocence in face of European sophisticationMajor Works:1. The American （1877） 《美國(guó)人》2. Daisy Miller （1879） 《苔瑟密勒》3. The Portrait of a Lady （1881） 《貴婦人的畫(huà)像》4. The Bostonians （1886） 《波士頓人》5. The Princess Casamassima （1886） 《卡薩瑪西瑪公主》6. What Maisie Knew （1897） 《梅吉的見(jiàn)聞》7. The Turn of the Screw 《擰螺絲》Three great novels8. The Wings of the Dove （1902） 《鴿翼》9. The Ambassadors （1903） 《專(zhuān)使》10. The Golden Bowl （1904） 《金碗》Local Colorism (1860s 1900) 鄉(xiāng)土文學(xué)Features1. Emphasis of elements which characterize a local culture, such as speech, customs, and mores peculiar to one particular place.2. Emphasis of physical setting and those distinctive qualities of landscape which condition human thought and behavior. 3. dialect4. frame storyMark Twain（ 1835 — 1910）1. lower class2. social critic, local colorist3. colloquial speech4. southwestern humor 5. stories peculiar to Mississippi and WestMajor Works1. 《卡拉韋拉斯縣馳名的跳蛙》The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 第一個(gè)成功文學(xué)作品2.《鍍金時(shí)代》（The Gilded Age, 1873）3.《湯姆索耶歷險(xiǎn)記》（The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 1876）4.《王子與貧兒》（The Prince and the Pauper, 1881）5.《密西西比河上》（Life on the Mississippi, 1883）6.《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》（The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 1886）7. 《傻瓜威爾遜》Pud’nhead Wilson （1893） 8. 《圣女貞德》Personal Reflections of Joan of Arc （1896） Following the Equator （1897）《赤道旅行記》9. 《敗壞了赫德萊堡的人》The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900) 10. 《 傻子國(guó)外旅行記》Innocents Abroad (1869) 11. 《神秘的來(lái)客》The Mysterious Stranger (1906)12. 《人是怎么一回事》What Is Man (1906) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)人物:1. Huckleberry Finn: Main character of the book, who runs away from his adopted family to be free of society and civilization.2. Tom Sawyer: Huck39。s best friend who freely spins lies and loves adventure.3. Widow Douglas: Adopts Huck to try and civilize him.4. Miss Watson: Sister of the Widow Douglas. She tries to teach Huck religion and how to spell.5. Jim: Miss Watson39。s slave. He runs away and journeys down the Mississippi River with Huck. 6. Pap: Huck39。s drunkard father.7. The King and the Duke: two swindlersComparison of the three “giants”1. Theme Howells – middle class James – upper class Twain – lower class 2. ToneHowells – smiling/genteel realism James – psychological realism Twain – local colourism and colloquialism American NaturalismTime Range:1890 1920Background: