【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 y. ? This ridge would be a strong Union position for the rest of the battle. The Battle of Gettysburg: Day 2 ? On the second day of battle, the Rebel army attempted to flank the Union army by going around the southern edge, at Little Round Top, where they were famously defeated. The Defense of Little Round Top ? The most famous maneuver of the second day was the defense of Little Round Top by Colonel Joshua Laurence Chamberlain and his soldiers from Maine. The Battle of Gettysburg: Day 3 ? Having attacked both sides of the Union army, Lee decided to attack the center. He ordered a bold charge with artillery support. This was unlikely to succeed and was repelled. The End of the War ? After defeat at Gettysburg, the South lost its allies and its ability to effectively attack, and so was defensive for the rest of the war. ? Eventually Richmond was lost, and the Confederacy surrendered in 1865. ? The victory was bittersweet as President Lincoln was assassinated by Southernsympathizing conspirators later that year. The Reconstruction ? Being recently treacherous, the government of the Southern states had to be replaced by more loyal, Northern military leadership. ? Lincoln had wanted a moderate plan for reconstruction, but he and his followers were opposed by suspicious Republicans. ? This made the South vulnerable to exploitation. ? The Freedman’s Bureau was established to support the newlyfreed slaves with health care, education, and employment. ? The Fourteen Amendment applied most of the Bill of Rights to state governments as well as the federal government. New Forms of Racism ? With their state governments under Northern martial law, Southerners became fiercely opposed to new legislations. ? By 1877, the Southern states had been granted their sovereignty again, and passed the Jim Crow laws, declaring that Blacks would remain “separate but equal”. ? Of course, it was not really equal, because the lawmakers were not concerned with the quality of Black peoples’ facilities. New Forms of Racism ? During the Reconstruction Era, societies such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) formed to resist anyone who created “impurities” in their elitist White Anglo Saxon Protestant culture by acts of violence and terrorism. Industry and Urban Expansion from 1865 to 1918 ? Over 27,000,000 immigrants arrived into the cities of the United States, offering a work force and population base. ? The average annual ine of nonagricultural workers grew by over 100% (after factoring inflation). ? Corporations grew even more powerful, being “trusts”, which were effectively a form of monopoly. ? The United States had bee the world’s leading industrial nation. The Working Class ? The wages of workers rose to be double what was paid in Europe, but the work was harder and with less leisure. ? Labor unions, groups of workers using striking and mon interests to demand higher wages and better working conditions, began to appear. The SpanishAmerican War ? In 1898, the United States lost patience with Spanish abuse of the Cuban natives when an American ship was sunk in a Cuban harbor. ? The result wa