【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned3. Alice, you feed the bird today, ______? But I fed it yesterday. (99) A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you4. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ____. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothingKeys D A B A 4）．排除母語干擾，規(guī)范英語表達(dá)。英漢兩種語言在表達(dá)上存在很大的差異，考生很可能會用漢語的思維方式去認(rèn)識和解決英語中的問題，掉入命題人設(shè)置的陷阱?！纠?】—Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident? —No, only the two passengers who got hurt.A. it was B. there was C. there were D. there had【分析】考生很可能誤選C。因為，考生想表達(dá)“不，只有兩個人受傷”，很可能用“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)自己的思想。但是，本句實際采用了強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“only the two passengers”。因此，正確答案為A?！纠?】 Excuse me, ________? That39。s $ altogether , madam. A. how much is the meal we39。ve had B. but can I take your order C. could I have the bill, please D. would you please take the money【分析】根據(jù)中國人的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，考生很可能會選擇A，“我們一共吃了多少錢？”。但在英美文化中，往往會說“請結(jié)帳，好嗎？”。因此，答案為C。【例3】_________, tears came to his eyes.A. Reading the letter B. He was reading the letter C. When he was reading the letter D. The letter was being read【分析】句意要表達(dá)的是“讀著這封信，眼淚都出來了”，每一個選項都有可能成為考生的選擇對象。根據(jù)解題技巧1，排除選項B、D。又根據(jù)分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，排除A項。因此，正確答案為C。5）注意學(xué)會還原法(1) 被動語態(tài)還原為主動語態(tài). 1. John was made _____ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. wash C. washing D. to be washing(2) 復(fù)合句分解成簡單句. 2. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired(3) 疑問句還原陳述句. 3. a. Is this the school _____ we visited last year? （B） b. Is this school _____ we visited last year? (A) A. the one B. that C. at which D. one(4) 感嘆句還原成陳述句. 4. Oh, John! ____ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise(5) 倒裝語序還原成正常語序5. So difficult ____ it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English well. A. I have left B. have I left C. I did feel D. did I feel(6)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)還原成常見的陳述結(jié)構(gòu)。6. It was for this reason ____ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. A. which B. why C. that D. how(7)簡單句還原成復(fù)合句7. Will those ____ the children from abroad e to the headmaster’s office? A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching8. The old man, ____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked6）情景會話單選題解題四忌 ①忌上詞下用 上詞下用指的是答句部分延用了題干句子的重點詞、信息詞，按表層意思似乎合情合理，但往往為錯誤的虛象，需經(jīng)進(jìn)一步分析后才能確定正確選項。 典型的例子如用I don39。t應(yīng)答Don39。t forget to e to my birthday party tomorrow ，用Don39。t be sorry回答I39。m sorry I broke your mirror，以及用No thanks回答 Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.。如何避免上詞下用這樣的錯誤呢? 一是確認(rèn)題目涉及的功能項目；二是確認(rèn)句子上下文語境；三是確認(rèn)正確的話語方式?！纠?】I wonder if I could use your telephone. _______ . (1996上海) 　　 wonder how don39。t wonder C. Sorry, it39。s out of order D. No wonder, here it 【分析】盡管該題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)wonder一詞，但通過仔細(xì)審題可確定其考查的功能項目為征求對方意見，問句相當(dāng)于Could I use your telephone?，綜合語境和話題的分析，正確的答話方式一般為Of course you can.(肯定)或Sorry, you can39。t.(否定)，所以只有C項符合題意，A、B、D項均屬典型的上詞下用現(xiàn)象，而且D項中的No wonder意思為難怪，更是和題干內(nèi)容相差甚遠(yuǎn)。 ②忌中文思維 與上詞下用比較，這一誤區(qū)更具迷惑性，因為無論按題目內(nèi)容或是按思維方式來考慮，都十分符合中國學(xué)生的習(xí)慣。顯然，掌握英漢兩種語言和文化之間的相同和相異之處，對于準(zhǔn)確解題至關(guān)重要。學(xué)生解題失誤之一是按漢語的表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)去套英語，去選答案，這屬于語言知識的負(fù)遷移。 【例2】 Do you think it39。s going to rain over the weekend? _______ . (NMET 1994)A. I don39。t believe B. I don39。t believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 【分析】 答案為D。以Do you think...?這樣的句子來提問，用D項來回答表示否定，顯然不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，這也正是許多學(xué)生選了A、B、C項的原因。 另一個更常見的失誤是套用中國文化模式。違背英語國家的思維方式和文化習(xí)俗，這屬于文化方面的負(fù)遷移。此類例子有： 1. I39。d like to invite you to dinner tomorrow. Oh, no. That39。ll be too much trouble. (正確答話為：I39。m very sorry, but...) 2. Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me. Please don39。t say so. (正確答話：I39。m glad you like it.) 3. Hi, haven39。t seen you for ages! You look fine! 　Oh, no. (正確答話可為：Thanks. You look well, too.) ③忌直接回絕 這主要是指在對方要求得到幫助，提出請求或邀請時，回答過于直接，不夠委婉，盡管從語義角度分析是沒毛病的，但不符合英語語言國家的交際習(xí)慣。請求方面的問話有May I...?/Can I...?/I wonder if I could.../Do you mind if I...?等，邀請方面的問話有Will you...?/Would you like to...?/I39。d like to invite to...等。在作否定回答時，為了表示禮貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉詞，如but, I39。m afraid, I39。m sorry, thanks, please, had better等。【例3】I didn39。t know this was a oneway street, officer. _______. (2000,上海) 　　 A. That39。s all right. B. I don39。t believe you. C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but that39。s no excuse. 【分析】許多考生可能選了B、C項，這是沒有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要禮節(jié)，答話時過于生硬，沒有顧及他人感情，而正確答案D項正是在充分考慮到說話雙方的身份，彼此之間的關(guān)系以及說話人的立場和態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上做出的正確選擇。 ④忌答非所問 應(yīng)該說答非所問的錯誤比較容易察覺，如果問話與答話的內(nèi)容風(fēng)馬牛不相及的話，我們可以迅速排除。但有時雙方會話內(nèi)容有所關(guān)聯(lián)，但仔細(xì)推敲發(fā)現(xiàn)其實答語并不切題。最典型的例子是With pleasure.和It39。s a pleasure.。前者一般在事前回答 ，表示沒問題，非常愿意。后者一般在事后回答，表示不必感謝，不用客氣。類似的例子有：1. Let me introduce myself. I39。m Albert. What a pleasure. (正確答話可為：Pleased to meet you.) 2. I39。m sorry I broke your mirror. Oh, really? It39。s OK with me. (正確答話可為：It doesn39。t matter.) 要避免此類錯誤，一要掌握常用的功能意念會話項目，特別是一些口語式的固定搭配；二要理解對話場合和意圖，理出答題 總之，高考單項填空題雖說只有15個小題，但是考查內(nèi)容涉及面廣，并突出了綜合性和語境化的特點。解題時，應(yīng)結(jié)合語境，靈活使用語法、詞匯知識，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，從而達(dá)到分析問題和解決問題的最終目的。More exercises1. — Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine.— ____. You look well, too.A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all2. — Waiter! — _____. I can’t eat this. It’ salty. A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?3. — I am sorry I broke your mirror. — Oh, really? ____. A. It’s OK with me B. It doesn’t matter C. Don’t be sorry D. I don’t care4. — Do you think I could borrow your dicti