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習慣上要省去?! o you think it is the best way to deal with such a problem? 你認為這是解決問題的最好方式嗎? (6) 狀語。表示目的、原因、結果?! 、賂hey ran over to wele the guests. 他們跑過去歡迎客人。(目的) ②The child is too young to go to school. 孩子太小不能去上學。(結果) ③We were excited to hear the news. 聽到這個消息我們激動了。(原因) 不定式的時態(tài) 不定式有一般式、進行式、完成式形式,既有主動語態(tài)又有被動語態(tài)兩種語態(tài)。形成to do, to be done, to be doing,to have done, to have been done形式?! ?1)不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與謂語的動作(狀態(tài))同時(或幾乎同時) 發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生?! ’m sorry to tell you that you are wrong this time. 我很遺憾告訴你這次是你錯了?! ?2)如果謂語表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時,不定式表示的動作正在進行, 這時不定式就要用進行式?! am very glad to be talking with you. 我很高興與你交談?! ?3)如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,就要用完成式。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 對不起,讓你久等了。注意:不定式的時態(tài)一般只能發(fā)生在做賓語時。只有在做賓語時,不定式不一定表現(xiàn)為動作未發(fā)生,因為此時用不用不定式是由謂語動詞決定的,所以才會出現(xiàn)to be doing,to have done這種不合邏輯的現(xiàn)象。(因為to do 表示未發(fā)生,have done又表示做過,to have done不合邏輯)不定式的語態(tài) 當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)?! e asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求去農村工作。注意:含有不定式的句子中,能夠在句中找不定式動詞現(xiàn)成的邏輯上的主謂賓,用主動形式表被動意義。否則,用不定式的被動形式。句子中有系表結構的,或在句子中可以插入省略掉的(for sb.)形成邏輯上的主謂賓的,用主動形式表被動意義。例:It is an honour to be invited to the party.He gave me some books to read.The book is easy (for me) to read. 疑問詞+不定式結構 疑問詞who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如: When to start has not been decided.何時動身尚未決定。(主語) I don’t know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語) The difficulty was how to cross the river.困難在于如何過河。(表語)I can tell you where to get this 。(雙重賓語)(注),如: I have no idea of how to do ?! ?后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語,只能跟疑問詞(如:how, what)+不定式:While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. 不帶to的不定式1)在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有:feel 覺得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear聽到watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺,感知notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽 On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.2)另一類是某些使役動詞,如make, let,have等。如: Let him do ?! would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了?!?注): ①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉換為被動結構時.其后的不定式一般需帶to,如: He was seen to e. The boy was made to go to bed early. ?、谠趧釉~find與help之后,不定式可帶to亦可不帶to,如: He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄,感到驚訝。3)在had better,had best,would rather…than…,rather than,would sooner,would sooner…than,can not but,cannot help but其后的不定式一般不需帶to例:He would rather die than give ?!?)在but(except)結構中。but(except)前有do 的某種形式,后省略to。 但是,如果謂語動詞沒有do 的某種形式,那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶to。(簡略為:有do 沒to,沒do有to)例如: Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干?! he doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙,其它什么都沒有說。There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他們沒有別有別的辦法。5)用and,or,than等連接的兩個或兩個以上的不定式,第二個(以及之后)的to 可以省略。但是若有相反或對比的不定式,to不能省略。例:I want to sing and dance.To go on or to stop——that is the question.6)why (not)的簡略問句和would you please的問句后不帶to例:Why worry about such trifle?為何為瑣事煩心?Why not think of what you did?為什么不想想你做了什么?Would you please give me a favour?你能否幫我個忙?7)在“e(go)+不定式”結構中,不定式一般不帶to,特別是美國口語中更為常見。第一個動詞表示“來”、“去”這個動作,第二個動詞表示“來”、“去”的目的。Go fetch your 。Come sit with 。動詞不定式的復合結構1)不定式的邏輯主語為:for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如: I found