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習慣上要省去?! o you think it is the best way to deal with such a problem? 你認為這是解決問題的最好方式嗎? (6) 狀語。表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。 ?、賂hey ran over to wele the guests. 他們跑過去歡迎客人。(目的) ②The child is too young to go to school. 孩子太小不能去上學。(結(jié)果) ?、踂e were excited to hear the news. 聽到這個消息我們激動了。(原因) 不定式的時態(tài) 不定式有一般式、進行式、完成式形式,既有主動語態(tài)又有被動語態(tài)兩種語態(tài)。形成to do, to be done, to be doing,to have done, to have been done形式?! ?1)不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與謂語的動作(狀態(tài))同時(或幾乎同時) 發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生?! ’m sorry to tell you that you are wrong this time. 我很遺憾告訴你這次是你錯了?! ?2)如果謂語表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時,不定式表示的動作正在進行, 這時不定式就要用進行式。 I am very glad to be talking with you. 我很高興與你交談?! ?3)如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,就要用完成式。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 對不起,讓你久等了。注意:不定式的時態(tài)一般只能發(fā)生在做賓語時。只有在做賓語時,不定式不一定表現(xiàn)為動作未發(fā)生,因為此時用不用不定式是由謂語動詞決定的,所以才會出現(xiàn)to be doing,to have done這種不合邏輯的現(xiàn)象。(因為to do 表示未發(fā)生,have done又表示做過,to have done不合邏輯)不定式的語態(tài) 當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)?! e asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求去農(nóng)村工作。注意:含有不定式的句子中,能夠在句中找不定式動詞現(xiàn)成的邏輯上的主謂賓,用主動形式表被動意義。否則,用不定式的被動形式。句子中有系表結(jié)構(gòu)的,或在句子中可以插入省略掉的(for sb.)形成邏輯上的主謂賓的,用主動形式表被動意義。例:It is an honour to be invited to the party.He gave me some books to read.The book is easy (for me) to read. 疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問詞who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如: When to start has not been decided.何時動身尚未決定。(主語) I don’t know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語) The difficulty was how to cross the river.困難在于如何過河。(表語)I can tell you where to get this 。(雙重賓語)(注),如: I have no idea of how to do ?! ?后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語,只能跟疑問詞(如:how, what)+不定式:While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. 不帶to的不定式1)在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有:feel 覺得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear聽到watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺,感知notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽 On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.2)另一類是某些使役動詞,如make, let,have等。如: Let him do ?! would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了?!?注): ?、偕鲜龈杏X動詞與使役動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時.其后的不定式一般需帶to,如: He was seen to e. The boy was made to go to bed early. ?、谠趧釉~find與help之后,不定式可帶to亦可不帶to,如: He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄,感到驚訝。3)在had better,had best,would rather…than…,rather than,would sooner,would sooner…than,can not but,cannot help but其后的不定式一般不需帶to例:He would rather die than give 。 4)在but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。but(except)前有do 的某種形式,后省略to。 但是,如果謂語動詞沒有do 的某種形式,那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶to。(簡略為:有do 沒to,沒do有to)例如: Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干?! he doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙,其它什么都沒有說。There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他們沒有別有別的辦法。5)用and,or,than等連接的兩個或兩個以上的不定式,第二個(以及之后)的to 可以省略。但是若有相反或?qū)Ρ鹊牟欢ㄊ?,to不能省略。例:I want to sing and dance.To go on or to stop——that is the question.6)why (not)的簡略問句和would you please的問句后不帶to例:Why worry about such trifle?為何為瑣事煩心?Why not think of what you did?為什么不想想你做了什么?Would you please give me a favour?你能否幫我個忙?7)在“e(go)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式一般不帶to,特別是美國口語中更為常見。第一個動詞表示“來”、“去”這個動作,第二個動詞表示“來”、“去”的目的。Go fetch your 。Come sit with 。動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)1)不定式的邏輯主語為:for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如: I found