動詞不定式和動名詞的句法功能比較7(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-13 04:23 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 me to leave off talking and to start acting. They left off to go fishing. 三、做表語 不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。 ①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. ③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 當主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定 式說明主語的內(nèi)容。 ④Our work is serving the people. ⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper. ⑥The story told by is interesting. ④⑤句動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作 表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動名詞作表語還應(yīng)與進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開 來。 四、作定語 ⒈不定式作定語 不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister? ③Do you have anything to say on the question? ④Would you please give me some paper to write on? ⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last. 不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系： (1)表示將來的動作（例①）。 (2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞（例④）。 (3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍 用主動語態(tài)（例③）；如只有動賓關(guān)系，而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動語態(tài)（例②）。 (4)不定式作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。 ⒉動名詞作定語 ①This passage can be used as listening materials. ②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. ③All moving bodies have energy. ①②句動名詞作定語說明一種性能，即：用來……的；第③句為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，單個分詞作定語常置于 被修飾詞之前，與被修飾詞之間，可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，分詞短語作定語常置于被修飾詞之后。如：The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 五、不定式作補足語 ⒈作賓語補足語 一些及物動詞除要求按賓語外，有時還需要有賓語補足語，說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、特征，這時意思才相 對完整。 (1)常要求不定式作賓補的動詞有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（強迫），encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如： ①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? ②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2)部分動詞后常接to be＋形容詞、名詞短語等形式，有時to be可省略，如：believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。 ①We all believe John(to be)honest. ②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但當不定式是完成式時，to不能省略，如：We consider him tohave been foolish. (3)感覺動詞和使役動詞后用作賓補的不定式須省略to。 ①I didn‘t hear anyone say anything about it. ②They make the students do too much homework every day. 這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to不能省略，如第②句：Thestudents are made to do too much homework every day. (4)help,know后面的to可有可無。如： Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform? I’ve never known
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