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to write on. 我想借張紙寫字。(3) 不定式作定語時,一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句。The next train to arrive is from Shanghai. (to arrive=that will arrive)下一列到站的火車來自上海。附:不定式主動被動討論A)不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時,不定式往往用主動形式. Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door.) B)不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時,不定式常用主動形式. I have got a letter to write.( I write letter.) He needs a room to live in.( He lives in a room.) I know what to do.( I do what.) 但這句如改為下列形式,不定式就得用被動形式: I know what is to be done. 這是因為 what is to be done是賓語從句,從句中的主語 what是動詞 do的動作對象 C)不定式作表語形容詞的狀語,和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時,不定式多用主動形式,這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了 for one或 for people.例如: He is hard to talk to.( to talk to him.) The book is difficult to understand. ( to understand the book.) 但如果強調(diào)句中的受事者時,亦可用不定式被動式,例如: The handwriting is very difficult to be read. The box is too heavy to be lifted. D)在 “there十be” 的結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時,不定式用主動形式,如果說話人強調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成,則用被動形式. There is a lot of work to do. ( Somebody has to do the work.) There is a lot of work to be done. ( The work has to be done.) 請注意下面兩個句子的含義是不同的: There is nothing to do. 意為無事可做,感到十分乏味. There is nothing to be done.意為某東西壞了,無法使之恢復(fù)正常.(三)不定式作副詞的用法不定式可起副詞的作用,在句中表目的、結(jié)果、原因等。1. 表目的He came to teach the little girl English. 他來給這個小女孩上英語課。I went to visit my uncle last Sunday. 上星期天我去拜訪了我的叔叔。In order to study English well, she often does more speaking and writing.為了把英語學(xué)好,她經(jīng)常多說多寫。2. 表結(jié)果What has he said to make you so sad? 他說了什么話讓你這樣傷心?They lifted a rock only to drop in on their own feet. 他們搬起石頭砸了自己的腳。3. 表原因I am sorry to hear that. 聽到這件事,我感到很難過。The question is quite difficult to answer. 這個問題很難回答。有時,還有表條件的用法三、動詞不定式的幾個重要結(jié)構(gòu)1. 不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu):not +to doHe told me not to be late. 他告訴我別遲到。She asked the old man not to be angry. 她請這位老人別生氣。注意:不定式否定句不同于否定句形式。不定式否定句沒有助動詞,否定句有助動詞。I didn’t ask him to e here. 我沒請他來。I asked him not to e here. 我請他不要來。2. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):f