動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的句法功能比較初中語法(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-13 04:31 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 t world 。 We39。ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world. 三、做表語 不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。 ①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. ③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 四、作定語 ⒈不定式作定語 不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister? ③Do you have anything to say on the question? ④Would you please give me some paper to write on? ⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last. 不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系： (1)表示將來的動(dòng)作（例①）。 (2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞（例④）。 (3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍 用主動(dòng)語態(tài)（例③）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（例②）。 (4)不定式作定語時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。 ⒉動(dòng)名詞作定語 ①This passage can be used as listening materials. ②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. ③All moving bodies have energy. ①②句動(dòng)名詞作定語說明一種性能，即：用來……的；第③句為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，單個(gè)分詞作定語常置于 被修飾詞之前，與被修飾詞之間，可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，分詞短語作定語常置于被修飾詞之后。如：The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 五、不定式作補(bǔ)足語 ⒈作賓語補(bǔ)足語 一些及物動(dòng)詞除要求按賓語外，有時(shí)還需要有賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、特征，這時(shí)意思才相 對完整。 (1)常要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（強(qiáng)迫），encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如： ①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? ②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2)部分動(dòng)詞后常接to be＋形容詞、名詞短語等形式，有時(shí)to be可省略，如：believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。 ①We all believe John(to be)honest. ②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但當(dāng)不定式是完成式時(shí)，to不能省略，如：We consider him tohave been foolish. (3)感覺動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后用作賓補(bǔ)的不定式須省略to。 ①I didn39。t hear anyone say anything about it. ②They make the students do too much homework every day. 這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to不能省略，如第②句：Thestudents are made to do too much homework every day. (4)help,know后面的to可有可無。如： Would you please help me(to) fill in the
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