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futures paused. 第二階段: 19881996年 (三 ) Experience from 1988 to 1996() 第三階段: 19972022年 由銀行間市場(chǎng)為主到逐步趨向統(tǒng)一 Experience from 1997 to 2022 這一階段主要特征: ? 國(guó)債市場(chǎng)以銀行間市場(chǎng)為主。 ? 國(guó)債期限以中長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債為主,發(fā)行了超長(zhǎng)期固定利率和少量浮動(dòng)利率國(guó)債。 ? 商業(yè)銀行等各類金融機(jī)構(gòu)成為非常重要的國(guó)債投資者群體。 ? 中央銀行恢復(fù)在國(guó)債市場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行公開市場(chǎng)操作,并于2022年開始發(fā)行短期債券對(duì)沖外匯儲(chǔ)備增長(zhǎng)。 During this period: ?The government bonds market takes Interbank market as the core. ?Term structure : main part is medium and longterm bonds, also issued ultra longterm fixed interest rate bonds ,and a small amount of floating interest rate bonds. ? Financial institutions bee important investors of government bonds. ? Central Bank resumed Open Market Operation in government bonds market, and began issuing shortterm Bills in 2022 to offset increasing foreign exchange reserve. 199697年:銀行間國(guó)債市場(chǎng)初步形成 Experience from 1997 to 2022() ? 1996年底,中央國(guó)債登記結(jié)算公司成立,專門負(fù)責(zé)國(guó)債登記托管業(yè)務(wù)。 ? 1997年 6月,中國(guó)人民銀行發(fā)出通知: (1)所有商業(yè)銀行從交易所國(guó)債市場(chǎng)撤出; (2)開辦銀行間債券市場(chǎng),商業(yè)銀行持有國(guó)債由中央國(guó)債登記結(jié)算公司托管; (3)商業(yè)銀行不能再購(gòu)買和增加國(guó)債持有量。 ? 1997年國(guó)債發(fā)行情況與199495年大體相同。 During 19961997: ?On December 2, 1996, China Government Securities Depository Trust amp。 Clearing CO.,LTD(CDC) was established. ? In June of 1997, the People39。s Bank of China informed : (1)All mercial banks should withdraw from the national debt market at Stock Exchange.(2)Establish Interbank market, bonds held by mercial banks should be registered under CDC. (3)The mercial bank couldn’t increase the holding amount of the government bonds . 1998年開始實(shí)施積極財(cái)政政策 Experience from 1997 to 2022() 1998年起取消實(shí)物國(guó)債。 積極財(cái)政政策