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模仿的惟妙惟肖。二、變化修辭格這一類修辭格包括冷嘲熱諷的irony;強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)義的hyperbole;明抑暗揚(yáng)的understatement;閃爍其辭的euphemism。1.Irony (反語(yǔ))1) I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.我經(jīng)過一番苦心研究和不斷向上帝祈禱之后,才把這丑陋之最的桂冠贈(zèng)給威斯特摩蘭。作者門肯是在考察了世界各國(guó)很多地方并加以比較之后,同時(shí)不斷祈禱上帝給予指導(dǎo)之后,才慎重地得到這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論:威斯特摩蘭縣具有最令人討厭的城鎮(zhèn)和村莊。門肯在此將championship(桂冠)一詞用其反義,是說(shuō)這里不是最好,而是最壞。2) After a while it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.要不了多久社會(huì)上便會(huì)使人與人為仇,教派與教派為敵的局面,直到我們的社會(huì)大踏步地退回到十六世紀(jì)那光輝的年代,那時(shí)如果有誰(shuí)膽敢給人類帶來(lái)智慧、知識(shí)和文化,就會(huì)被那些愚昧的偏執(zhí)狂們點(diǎn)燃柴堆活活燒死。marching backwards和glorious在這里均用作反語(yǔ),marching通常意指“為某一偉大事業(yè)而大踏步前進(jìn)”,而在這里則指“退回到十六世紀(jì)那黑暗的年代”;glorious age本意是“輝煌的年代”,其實(shí)在這里應(yīng)該是the dark age(黑暗的年代),因?yàn)?6世紀(jì)正是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的新思潮繁榮昌盛,基督教會(huì)對(duì)威脅舊的宗教信仰的文藝復(fù)信發(fā)起了反撲,他們恐嚇自由思想者,并把他們綁在火形柱上燒死。作者使用兩個(gè)意思意義相反的措辭是對(duì)基督教徒有力的諷刺和嘲弄。2. Hyperbole(夸張)3) Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure.在大多數(shù)美國(guó)人的心目中,馬克吐溫是位偉大作家。他描寫了哈克費(fèi)恩永恒的童年時(shí)代中充滿詩(shī)情畫意的旅程和湯姆索亞在漫長(zhǎng)的夏日里自由自在歷險(xiǎn)探奇的故事。eternal和endless都是夸張用語(yǔ),表示馬克吐溫所描述的哈克費(fèi)恩童年時(shí)期田園詩(shī)般的旅游和湯姆索亞夏日里自由自在歷險(xiǎn)探奇的故事都已成為永恒不朽之作。4) Here was wealth beyond putation, almost beyond imaginationand here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.這里的財(cái)富數(shù)不勝數(shù),超出想象——也是在這里。人們的居住條件又是如此之糟,連那些流浪街頭的野貓也為之害羞。作者把那里的財(cái)富夸大為無(wú)法計(jì)算,甚至難以想象,又把那里人們居室之糟夸大為連街頭巷尾的野貓也會(huì)感到羞辱難堪。3. Understatement(低調(diào)陳述)5) “…Besides, what they’d do to you across at the headquarters,Duke,you wouldn’t like. No sir,you wouldn’t like it at al1.”“…況且,到了警察局,他們用來(lái)處置你的辦法,公爵,你是不喜歡的。是的,先生,你絕對(duì)不會(huì)喜歡的?!贝颂帯暗搅司炀?,他們用來(lái)處置你的辦法”實(shí)際上隱含的意思是“警察將逮捕你,把你放進(jìn)監(jiān)獄?!弊髡哂每隙ǖ男问焦室廨p描淡寫,語(yǔ)氣雖然委婉,但卻產(chǎn)生了令人深思的效果。4. Euphemism(委婉)6) “…You drove there in your fancy Jaguar, and you took a l