【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 官方網(wǎng)站：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 中華經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 官方網(wǎng)站：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) a． Analyze the qualitative effects of an increase in the supply of labor in the specific factors model, holding the price of both goods constant.For an economy producing two goods, X an Y, with labor demands reflected by their marginal revenue product curves, there is an initial wage of w1 and an initial labor allocation of Lx=OxA and Ly=OyA. When the supply of labor increases, the right boundary of the diagram illustrated below pushed out to Oy’. The demand for labor in sector Y is pulled rightward with the boundary. The new intersection of the labor demand curves shows that labor expands in both sectors, and therefore output of both X and Y also expand. The relative expansion of output is ambiguous. Wages paid to workers fall. W xPML? yPML?1w2yO?yABb． Graph the effect on the equilibrium for the numerical example in problems 2 and 3, given a relative price of 1, when the labor force expands from 100 to 140. With the law of diminishing returns, the new production possibility frontier is more concave and steeper (flatter) at the ends when total labor supply increases.L1 increase to 90 from 62 and L2 increases to 50 from 38. Wages decline from to . This new allocation of labor leads to a new output mix of approximately Q1=85 and Q2=77.中華經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 官方網(wǎng)站：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 中華經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 官方網(wǎng)站：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) Q1Q2L1L2PPF),(22LKQ? ),(11LKQ?40140Chapter 41． In the United States where land is cheap, the ratio of land to labor used in cattle rising is higher than that of land used in wheat growing. But in more crowded countries, where land is expensive and labor is cheap, it is mon to raise cows by using less land and more labor than Americans use to grow wheat. Can we still say that raising cattle is land intensive pared with farming wheat? Why or why not? The definition of cattle growing as land intensive depends on the ratio of land to labor used in production, not on the ratio of land or labor to output. The ratio of land to labor in cattle exceeds the ratio in wheat in the United States, implying cattle is land intensive in the United States. Cattle is land intensive in other countries too if the ratio of land to labor in cattle production exceeds the ratio in wheat production in that country. The parison between another country and the United States is less relevant for answering the question.2． Suppose that at current factor prices cloth is produced using 20 hours of labor for each acre of land, and food is produced using only 5 hours of labor per acre of land. a. Suppose that the economy’s total resources are 600 hours of labor and 60 acres of land. Using a diagram determine the allocation of resources. 5TF L /TFL /Q)( /F)(LT/ F 20CCC???? We can solve this algebraically since L=LC+LF=600 and T=TC+TF=60. The solution is LC=400, TC=20, LF=200 and TF=40.中華經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 官方網(wǎng)站：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 中華經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 官方網(wǎng)站：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) LaborLandClothFoodLCLFTC TFb. Now suppose that the labor supply increase first to 800, then 1000, then 1200 hours. Using a diagram like Figure46, trace out the changing allocation of resources. tion).specalz (lt ,T 120,LC 6,T :120L ,3,:8???LaborLandClothFood0l8000l10000l1200c. What would happen if the labor supply were to increase even further?At constant factor prices, some labor would be unused, so factor prices would have to change, or there would be unemployment.3. “The world’s poorest countries cannot find anything to export. There is no resource that is abundant — certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even 中華經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 官方網(wǎng)站：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 中華經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 官方網(wǎng)站：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) labor is abundant.” Discuss.The gains from trade depend on parative rather than absolute advantage. As to poor countries, what matters is not the absolute abundance of factors, but their relative abundance. Poor countries have an abundance of labor relative to capital when pared to more developed countries.4. The . labor movement — which mostly represents bluecollar workers rather than professionals and highly educated workers — has traditionally favored limits on imports form lessaffluent countries. Is this a shortsighted policy of a rational one in view of the interests of union members? How does the answer depend on the model of trade?In the Ricardo’s model, labor gains from trade through an increase in its purchasing power. This result does not support labor union demands for limits on imports from less affluent countries. In the Immobile Factors model labor may gain or lose from trade. Purchasing power in terms of one good will rise, but in terms of the other good it will decline. The HeckscherOhlin model directly discusses distribution by considering the effects of trade on the owners of factors of production. In the context of this model, unskilled . labor loses from trade since this group represents the relatively scarce factors in this country. The results from the HeckscherOhlin model support labor union demands for import limits.5. There is substantial inequality of wage levels between regions within the United States. For example, wages of manufacturing workers in equivalent jobs are about 20 percent lower in the Southeast than they are in the Far West. Which of the explanations of failure of factor price equalization might account for this? How is this case different from the divergence of wages between the United States and Mexico (which is geographically closer to both the . Southeast and the Far West than the Southeast and Far West are to each other)?When we employ factor price equalization, we should pay attention to its conditions: both countries/regions produce both goods。 both countries have the same technology of production, and the absenc