scottisheconomistwhoadvocatedprivateenterpriseandfreetrade(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-25 08:34 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 he Bank Restriction Act.In 1814, at the age of 42, Ricardo retired from business and took up residence at Gatbe Park in Gloucestershire, where he had extensive landholdings. In 1819 he became MP for Portarlington. He did not speak often but his freetrade views were received with respect, although they opposed the economic thinking of the day. Parliament was made up of landowners who wished to maintain the Corn Laws to protect their profits.Ricardo made friends with a number of eminent men, among whom were the philosopher and economist James Mill, the Utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham and Thomas Malthus, best known for his pamphlet, Principles of Population published in 1798. Ricardo accepted Malthus39。 ideas on population growth. In 1815 another controversy arose over the Corn Laws, when the government passed new legislation that was intended to raise the duties on imported wheat. In 1815 Ricardo responded to the Corn Laws by publishing his Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock, in which he argued that raising the duties on imported grain had the effect of increasing the price of corn and hence increasing the ines of landowners and the aristocracy at the expense of the working classes and the rising industrial class. He said that the abolition of the Corn Laws would help to distribute the national ine towards the more productive groups in society. In 1817, Ricardo published Principles of Political Economy and Taxation in which he analysed the the distribution of money among the landlords, workers, and owners of capital. He found the relative domestic values of modities were dominated by the quantities of labour required in their production, rent being eliminated from the costs of production. He concluded that profits vary inversely with wages, which move with the cost of necessaries, and that rent tends to increase as population grows,
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