【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier is a. 5/3. b. 5/2. c. 5. d. 15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, prices a. rise and unemployment falls. b. fall and unemployment rises. c. and unemployment rise. d. and unemployment fall.30．If the longrun Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy will have a. higher unemployment and lower output. b. higher unemployment and higher output. c. lower unemployment and lower output. d. lower unemployment and higher output.31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of . 32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth 33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population 34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the pany39。s value based on available 36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next 37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment 38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium 39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, ceteris 40．In the 1990s, . prices rose at about the same rate as in the 41．According to the theory of purchasingpower parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of . goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price 42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreigncurrency exchange 43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the . trade deficit would 44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long 45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higherthandesired prices, and these higherthandesired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they 46．All explanations for the upward slope of the shortrun aggregate supply curve suppose that output supplied increases when the price level increases more than 47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government 48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget 49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short 50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment 得 分評卷人三、名詞解釋(每小題 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns: the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52．nominal exchange rate: the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53．crowdingout effect: the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54．stagflation: a period of falling output and rising prices.55．a(chǎn)utomatic stabilizers: changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.得 分評卷人四、簡答題( 8題中任選6題；每小題 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation39。s standard of living?Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or pany is not confident that claims over property or over the ine from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there w