【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 便觀察肢體循環(huán)情況，包扎后應(yīng)將下肢抬高，以利血液回流。保持敷料干燥，有液體滲透時應(yīng)加蓋無菌敷料包扎，若大部分滲透時應(yīng)在無菌條件下更換外層敷料。大面積燒傷立即輸入膠體或晶體，成人20003000毫升，補液速度應(yīng)先快后慢，其中一般最好在傷后八小時內(nèi)輸完。如在艇筏上灼傷無其他材料的情況下，%的鹽水紗布濕縛創(chuàng)面。11. 閉合性損傷：受傷部位制動，抬高并加壓包扎以減少出血腫脹，血腫較大者可在無菌條件下做穿刺再加壓包扎。取1%普魯卡因作局部封閉。開放性損傷：割傷、刺傷、檫傷、撕裂傷和火器傷。止痛：如無呼吸困難可肌肉注射嗎啡10毫克或杜冷丁50毫克，也可用針刺止痛。凡開放性損傷均應(yīng)常規(guī)應(yīng)用TAT1500單位皮下注射，若過敏實驗陽性可采用脫敏注射或口服治療。12. 骨折和脫位：a骨折癥狀體溫升高但通常不超過38度，開放性骨折體溫升高者可考慮有發(fā)生感染的可能。局部癥狀畸形、異?；顒印⒐情咭?、壓痛、淤斑和腫脹、功能障礙。.急救避免不必要的搬動，創(chuàng)口包扎止血，若骨折端已穿破皮膚不可使之復(fù)位，以防感染傷口深處，可用消毒敷料或清潔的布包扎傷口即可。固定均要包括骨折上下兩個關(guān)節(jié)。治療原則：復(fù)位，固定（注意血液循環(huán)），功能鍛煉。：癥狀脫位關(guān)節(jié)局部腫脹疼痛、功能障礙，畸形（肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位成方肩），正常關(guān)節(jié)部位空虛感，彈性固定。肩關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)位：牽引法傷員正坐，助手甲由健側(cè)抱住傷側(cè)腋下，助手乙握傷側(cè)腕部或肘部，將傷肢外展30度，并與甲做對抗牽引，緩慢旋轉(zhuǎn)傷肢。術(shù)者用雙手托著肱骨頭，提推肱骨頭即可復(fù)位。腳瞪法：傷員仰臥，術(shù)者站在傷員的傷側(cè)，將足跟抵住液窩（右對右），將傷肢外展，雙手握手腕作直線牽引，逐漸內(nèi)收并旋轉(zhuǎn)上肢即可復(fù)位。復(fù)位后肩關(guān)節(jié)取內(nèi)收、內(nèi)旋轉(zhuǎn)，肘關(guān)節(jié)屈曲90度，將手掌置于健側(cè)肩上，外加繃帶和膠布固定三周，注意加強手指和手腕活動。肘關(guān)節(jié)脫位，典型關(guān)節(jié)畸形，鷹嘴突在肘后明顯隆起，肘前窩飽滿可摸到肱骨下端，前臂縮短。復(fù)位：助手固定上臂，術(shù)者一手握手腕，沿前臂縱軸牽引，另一手握傷肘，用拇指推肱骨下端向上向后，其余四指在肘后推尺骨鷹嘴向前向下，在肘部逐漸屈曲時可聽到復(fù)位的響聲，復(fù)位后將肘關(guān)節(jié)屈曲6070度并用頸腕懸吊三周。航海專業(yè)英語口語（5）1.The containers are stowed both above and below deck. 2.L/C means letter of credit. 3.I’d like to get entitled to the goods. 4.I am afraid that you should have original B/L. The duplicate B/L might be refused by the shipper, otherwise you have the guarantee from the bank. 5.May I have your valid cargo gear certificate, captain? 6.I wonder about your preparatory measures at this port? 7.I found a lot of bags were broken due to rough handling. 8.What will you suggest? 9.I will sign the endorsement: shipper does not take responsibility for the damage, as bagged goods were broken by rough handling. 10.Briefing on nature of dangerous goodsthis package contains IMDGclass A goods. 11.These goods are oxidizing. 12.These goods are liable to spontaneous heating and bustion. 13.These goods emits flammable gases in contact with water, keep dry. 14.Instructions on patibility and stowagecheck correct marks/labels/placards. 15.Observe IMDGCode when loading. 16.Check proper segregation of goods. 17.Stow flammable goods/IMDGClass C goods away from engine room bulkhead[機艙隔艙壁]/living quarter/separated by one hold from Class D goods. 18.Stow infectious substances separated by one hold from food stuffs. 19.Cover IMDGClass B goods on deck with tarpaulins. 20.Stow drums away from IMDGClass C goods at minimum of 3 meters. 21.Brief stevedores on dangerous goods in number 3 hold. 22.Refuse packing with dangerous goods. 23.Ventilate holds before entering. 24.Use calibrated test meters for checking oxygen level. 25.Slings with bottles of IMDGClass C goods dropped on deck. 26.Liquid/gas escaping. 27.Several drums/tanks leaking/deformed. 28.The top layer container with IMDGClass C goods leaking out of door. 29.To inform pollution controlleaking substances/oil/liquid of IMDGClass C escaped into harbor basin. 30.Temperature in locker/container with IMDGClass C goods increasing rapidly. 31.IMDGClass B reignited. 32.Number of injured person/casualties: 5 33.5 stevedores plain about headache/nausea. 34.2 stevedores received acid burns on hand onscene. 35.Take actions according to emergency plan and report. 36.Turn vessel out of windleaking gas poisonous. 37.Put on protective clothing and breathing apparatus. 38.Let leakage evaporate. 39.Use absorbents for leakage. 40.Separate contaminated goods from other goods. 41.Only open container when smoking stopped. 42.Cool down container with water. 43.Close hatchswitch on fire extinguishing system. 44.Flood hold. 45.Rescue persons and take injured persons to safe area and provide first aid to them. 46.Prepare safety measures. 47.Plug scuppers[排水孔]/savealls[堵漏處] and report. 48.Stand by spill control gear and report. 49.Fit bonding wire and report. 50.Maintain contact on VHF channel 16 with oil terminal. 51.Is oil spill plan available? 52.How many tonnes of diesel oil can you take? 53.Can we connect loading arm? 54.Inform:30 minutes before’ loading will start/finish. 55.Are cargo booms connected? 56.Are you receiving? Yes, receiving. 57.Up/down pumping rate. 58.Leak at manifold connection. 59.How much spill? Spill about tonnes. 60.Open sea suction valve and report. 61.Stop ballast pumpballast dirty. 62.No stripping of ballast tanks in port. 63.Close and secure hatch cover for sea/bow door and report. 64.Check lashings and securings and report. 65.Check seaworthiness of holds and report. Holds seaworthy. 66.How many ballast can vessel take down to her marks? 67.Fill forepeak to decr