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gulatory and Supervisory Convergence: A New RegulatoryMarket “Partnership”, 116 ANN. REV. BANKING L. 67(1997)?! 4] 參見Symposium, LawBased Nature of the New International Financial Infrastructure, 33 INT39。L LAW. 847(1999); J. B. Attanasio amp。amp。 J. J. Norton (eds.), A NEW INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE: A VIABLE APPROACH? (2001)?! 5] 參見Symposium, Terrorism39。s Burdens on Globalization, 36 INT39。L LAW. 1 (2002)?! 6] 參見Joseph J. Norton amp。amp。 Christopher D. Olive, A ByProduct of the Globalization Process: The Rise of CrossBoeder Bank Mergers and Acquisitions—The . Regulatory Framework, 56 BUS. LAW. 591 (2001)。 另參見Andrew Crockett (系“金融穩(wěn)定論壇”主席),Statement an International Monetary and Financial Committee Meeting (Apr. 29, 2001); Lawrence H. Meyer, Remarks before a National Bureau of Economic Research Conference: Supervising LCBOs: Adapting to Change (Jan. 14, 2000)?! 7] 參見GrammLeachBliley Financial Modernization Act, Pub. Law. 106102 (已并入1999年的《美國法典》第12篇)。 該法旨在推動銀行業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化并允許成立金融控股公司。此前,美國法律只允許成立銀行控股公司。2002年,韓國也通過了類似的法案。參見ByungTae Kim, KOREA39。S BANKING LAW REFORM: POST ASIAN CRISIS (2002)?! 8] 實際上,大型復(fù)雜銀行是一種以銀行為核心企業(yè)的金融混業(yè)集團,大型復(fù)雜金融機構(gòu)則是一種由專業(yè)性金融機構(gòu)或者保險公司等其他類型金融機構(gòu)控制的金融混業(yè)集團?! 9] 與金融混業(yè)集團有關(guān)的問題,參見George A. Walker, The Law of Financial Conglomerates: The Next Generation, 30 INT39。L LAW. 57 (1996); 以及Lutgart Van Den Berghe (ed.), FINANCIAL CONGLOMERATES: NEW RULES FOR NEW PLAYERS? (1995)?! 10] 參見Joseph J. Norton amp。amp。 Heba M. Shams, Privatization in Modern Bank Regulation, presented in Oxford University Symposium on Privatization and the Law (Wolfson學(xué)院主辦,M. Litkosky博士負責(zé)組織,2002年6月舉行)。 [11] 參見CarlJohan Lindgern et al., BANK SOUNDNESS AND MACREECONOMIC POLICY (1996)。 近來學(xué)者們主張通過創(chuàng)設(shè)一種“新國際金融體制”(new international financial architecture)來解決上述問題。關(guān)于學(xué)者們的觀點,參見J. B. Attanasio amp。amp。 J. J. Norton (eds.), THE NEW INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE (Sir Joseph Gold Memorial Series 2001); Symposium, LawBased Nature of the NEW International Financial Infrastructure, 33 INT39。L LAW. 847 (1999)?! 12] 參見Douglas Arner et al, FINANCIAL CRISES IN THE 1990s (2002)。 另參見Joseph J. Norton, The Modern Genre of Infrastructural Law Reform: The Legal and Practical Realities——The Case of Banking Reform in Thailand, 55 SMU L. REV. 235 (2002)?! 13] 參見G. N. Olson, BANKS IN DISTRESS: LESSONS FROM THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE OF THE 1980s (2000); Syposium, The S amp。amp。 L Crisis: Death and Transfiguration, Annual Survey Issue on Financial Institutions and Regulations, 39 FORDHAM L. REV. S1 (1991); L. William Seidman, FULL FAITH AND CREDIT: THE GREAT S amp。amp。 L DEBACLE AND OTHER WASHINGTON SAGAS (1993)(作者系美國聯(lián)邦存款保險公司前主席,該書是關(guān)于儲蓄信貸機構(gòu)和銀行業(yè)危機的回憶錄)?! 14] Marc R. Saidenberg amp。amp。 Philip E. Strahen, Are Banks Still Important for Financing Large Business?, 載于Federal Reserve Bank of New York, CURRENT ISSUES IN ECONOMICS AND FINANCE, vol. 5, no. 12 (Aug. 1999)?! 15] 參見Laurence H. Meyer, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Market Discipline as a Complement to Bank Supervision and Regulation, Statement at the Conference on Reforming Bank Capital Standards (June 14, 1999)?! 16] Joseph Norton amp。amp。 Christopher Olive, Regulation of the Securities Activities of Banks: A Comparison of . Deregulation and Japanese Liberalization, 載于 INVESTMENT BANKING: THEORY AND PRACTICE (Edward P. M. Gardener amp。amp。 Philip Molyneux eds. 2d ed., 1996)?! 17] Susan M. Phillips amp。amp。 Man N. Rechtschaffen, International Banking Activities: The Role of the Federal Reserve in Domestic Capital Markets, 21 FORDHAM INT39。L L. J. 1754, 1760 (1998)。 [18] Comptroller of the Currency, Advisory Letter No. 994, Leveraged Lending (May 3, 1999)(分析了貸款規(guī)則的缺陷)?! 19] 參見Robert C. Effros (ed.), CURRENT LEGAL ISSUES AFFECTING CENTRAL BANKS, vol. 5 (1998)。 [20] Phillips amp。amp。 Rechtschaffen, supra note 17, at 176566. [21] 參見Lisa M. DeFerrari amp。amp。 David E. Palmer(他們是聯(lián)邦儲備體系理事會銀行監(jiān)管部的成員), Supervision of Large Complex Banking Organizations, Fed. Res. Bull. 87 (Feb. 2001)。 [22] 在國際清算銀行(BIS)的網(wǎng)站上,有一個關(guān)于巴塞爾委員會的銜接。該銜接的內(nèi)容十分豐富,不僅包括巴塞爾委員會的文件“匯編”(pendium),還包括各種出版物、聯(lián)合發(fā)布的文件、公告和工作報告等。參見 [23] Federal Reserve Board, SR 9724, RiskFocused Framework for Supervision of Large Complex Institutions (Oct. 27, 1997) and related SR 9915 and 9918 (1999); 以及Joint Forum on Financial Conglomerates, Supervision of Financial Conglomerates, Basel Committee Publications No. 47 (Feb. 1999)(系巴塞爾委員發(fā)布的關(guān)于金融混業(yè)集團監(jiān)管指南的征求意見稿),來自 。 Cameron Half, Background Paper on Evolving Trends in the Supervision of Financial