【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 that you39。re going to pay attention to and therefore you39。re going to remember it.你剛剛學習到了這個是重要的，它與你有重要關(guān)系，因為它代表這個。任何有關(guān)聯(lián)的東西，任何有關(guān)你生存的信息都是值得你注意的，而你給注意力的就會記住的。If it39。s related to your personal goals then you39。re going to pay attention to it, if it39。s relevant you39。re going to remember it.如果它關(guān)于你個人目標的，那么你就會注意到它，如果它與你是有關(guān)聯(lián)的，你就會記住它。So, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you.因此，學習一門語言的第一個原則就是注意那些與你息息相關(guān)的語言內(nèi)容上。Which brings us to tools.這就讓我們談到工具。We master tools by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us.我們通過使用工具來掌握工具，而當這些工具與我們息息相關(guān)的時候，我們就可以學得很快。So let me share a story.先讓我分享一個故事。A keyboard is a tool.鍵盤是一個工具。Typing Chinese a certain way, there are methods for this. That39。s a tool.有不同方法打中文字。這些方法屬于工具的一種。I had a colleague many years ago who went to night school。多年前，我有一位同事，她上夜校學習中文打字。Tuesday night, Thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type Chinese.每周二、周四晚上，她都用2個小時上課，然后也在家練習，她花了9個月的時間，仍然沒學會打中文字。And one night we had a crisis.一天晚上，我們有一件緊急的事情。We had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in Chinese.我們有48個小時來準備用中文發(fā)表一本訓練手冊。And she got the job, and I can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type Chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value.她獲得了這個任務(wù) ，并且我可以像你保證，在48個小時內(nèi)，她學會了用中文打字。因為這是相關(guān)的、重要的、有意義的，她在使用一種工具來創(chuàng)造價值。So the second tool for learning a language is to use your language as a tool to municate right from day one. As a kid does.因此，學習一門語言的第二個工具是從第一天開始，用你的語言作為一種工具來溝通，像一個孩子那樣做。When I first arrived in China I didn39。t speak a word of Chinese, and on my second week I got to take a train ride overnight.當我初次來到中國，我一句中文都不會說。第二個星期我乘坐火車過夜。I spent eight hours sitting in the dining car talking to one of the guards on the train. He took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in Chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial expressions and piece by piece by piece I understood more and more.我花了8個小時，坐在餐車，跟一位乘警聊。因為某種原因，他對我很感興趣。我們在那用中文聊了整夜，隨著他畫畫、比劃雙手并動用他的面部表情，我逐漸地明白越來越多。But what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking Chinese around me, I was understanding some of this and I hadn39。t even made any effort to learn that.但是真正有趣的是，兩個星期后，當人們在我周圍說中文的時候，我可以明白一些而且我并沒有為之付出任何努力。What had happened?發(fā)生了什么？I39。d absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle When you first understand the message, then you will acquire the language unconsciously.在火車的那晚我已經(jīng)吸收了中文也是我們要說的第三個原則。當你已經(jīng)理解溝通的信息含義，接下來你將不知不覺下意識的獲得該語言。And this is really, really well documented now, it39。s something called prehensible input and there39。s twenty or thirty years of research on this. Stephen Krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of them.而且這是有充足的證據(jù)證明的，我們把它稱之為“可明白輸入”，而這個概念被研究了了研究二三十年。此領(lǐng)域的佼佼者史蒂夫克拉申發(fā)布了各類不同的學術(shù)研究成果，而這些數(shù)據(jù)來自他的一個報告。The purple bars show the scores on different tests for language.條形圖里面的紫色部分顯示不同語言測試的成績。The purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned by prehensible input.紫色代表那些通過正式學習和學習語法的人，綠色的代表那些通過可明白輸入學習的人。So, prehension works.因此，可明白意思的輸入是有效的。Comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge.理解是很關(guān)鍵的而學語言本身不僅僅是獲取大量的知識。In many, many ways it39。s about physiological training.在很多方面，更多的是生理的訓練。A woman I know from Taiwan did great at English at school, she got A grades all the way through, went through college, A grades, went to the US and found she couldn39。t understand what people were saying.我認識的一位來自臺灣的女士，上學時英文成績很好，大學英語也很優(yōu)秀。后來，她到了美國，竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己聽不懂別人在說什么。And people started asking her: ‘a(chǎn)re you deaf?39。然后人們開始問她：“你是聾的嗎？”And she was. English deaf.她確實是英語聾子。Because we have filters in our brain that filter in the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages we39。re not.因為在我們大腦里有一些過濾器會幫助我們過濾熟悉的語言聲音進入腦子里，而把不熟悉的語言聲音過濾出去。And if you can39。t hear it, you won39。t understand it and if you can39。t understand it, you39。re not going to learn it.如果你聽不到，你不會明白；你聽不明白，你將不能學會它。So you actually have to be able to hear these sounds.因此，你必須能夠聽到這些聲音。And there are ways to do that but it39。s physiological training.這里有一些方法來做到，但這些是生理上的訓練。Speaking takes muscle.說話需要用到肌肉。You39。ve got fortythree muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand.在你的臉上有43塊肌肉，你必須協(xié)調(diào)