【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ) by the river. the teacher ______ (e) into the classroom, the students __________（laugh）loudly.5一般將來時(shí) 一、意義：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon ,　next Monday , 　next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……二. 構(gòu)成及變化：一般將來時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，沒有太多的計(jì)劃性, 還用來表示意愿⑴ be going to +動(dòng)詞原形㈠肯定句 主語+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.　　我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語。㈡否定句 主語+be(am / is / are)not going to +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.　　我今天晚上不打算去看電影。㈢一般疑問句 　Be (am / is / are)+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原型+其它成份…?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?No , he isn’。㈣.特殊疑問句　特殊疑問詞(Wh)+一般疑問句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.?　　春節(jié)你打算在哪過?㈤.注意: be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)后面習(xí)慣上不跟 go ， e 等表位移的動(dòng)詞，一般用該動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示。如: He’s going to New York next .⑵.will /shall +動(dòng)詞原形(在書面語中，主語是第一人稱時(shí)，常用shall ,在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will) 主語+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份(shall) write to him next 。 主語 + will /shall+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份They won’t watch TV this evening.　　今天晚上他們不看電視?！ill/shall+主語 +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ?　　明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎?(Wh) +一般疑問句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么時(shí)侯回來?三、附 :Shall I /we …常用來征求對(duì)方意見，而問對(duì)方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)，常用Will you…?他們的回答比較靈活。 we go to the park ?肯定Sure , let’s go .否定 No , let’s go to the cinema. you please e to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 I’m sorry. I’m afraid I can’t.四、時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon ,　next Monday , 　next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……1)　shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替?！　ill 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。　　Which paragraph shall I read first.　　Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)　be going to +不定式，表示將來?！?a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。　　　What are you going to do tomorrow?　 b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事?！　?The play is going to be produced next month?！?c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事　　 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3)　 be +不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事?！　?We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)　be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事?！　e is about to leave for Beijing.　 注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。5 be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)， be going to　表將來　　　　　　　 will　表意愿　　If you are going to make a journey, you39。d better get ready for it as soon as possible.　　Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror6 be to和be going to 　　 be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。　　 be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃?！ am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　　 (客觀安排)　I39。m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排).7 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來 1）下列動(dòng)詞：e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。　　　The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.　　　When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：　　　 Here es the bus. = The bus is ing.　　　 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時(shí)間或條件句中?！　　?When Bill es (不是will e), ask him to wait for me.　　　 I39。ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后?！　　?I hope they have a nice time next week.　　　 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room..8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來 　意為：意圖、打算、安排、常用于人。常用詞為 e, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等?！?I39。m leaving tomorrow.　 Are you staying here till next week?：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。 　?。簍he next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 　?。簑as/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 　?。簑as/were/not + going to + do。would/should + not + do. 　?。簑as或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 　?。篐e said he would go to Beijing the(1)過去將來時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。would?？s略為‘d。(2)過去將來時(shí)的用法過去將來時(shí)表示過去的某一時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)常用在賓語從句中。如：I didn39。t know if she would e。 I wasn39。t sure whether he would do it。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。過去將來時(shí)也可以用“was(were) going to +動(dòng)詞原形”來表示。如：I didn39。t know if she was going to e。 Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 用法1：表示：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2：表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞：for, since, since…ago基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱用have)1)肯定式：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞2)否定式：主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞3)一般疑問句： Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)　　No, 主語 + haven39。t/hasn39。t.(否定)4)特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞例句1. 過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。如：1)I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成)2)He has already e 他已經(jīng)來了。(過去某時(shí)開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。)2. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：1)I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。(六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我從1990年就在沈陽住。(從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。)注意1) 當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用for 或since引導(dǎo)的狀語。例如：I’ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自從8年前我就在這工作。注意2) 當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時(shí)，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film. I haven’t seen the film yet.He has just e. He hasn’t e yet?使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)1.“have/ has got ” 形式上是一種完成時(shí)，但和have/ has 為同一意思“有”。如：Have you got penfriends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn’t.他有許多工作要做嗎?不，他沒有。2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽10年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎?3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever連用。have/ has gone to則不可。例如:─ Has Tom ever been to Paris? 湯姆去過巴黎嗎?─ Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去過好幾次了。─ Where have they gone? 他們?nèi)ツ睦锪?─ They’ve gone to Shenyang. 他們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕！艾F(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語”的句型中。這類動(dòng)詞有：e, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞。例如： arrive, e → be here, 　　be in buy → h