【正文】 . . . .初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)全套精講.1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語連用?！?時(shí)間狀語： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday　 I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。　 The earth moves around the sun.　 Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中?！?Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必?cái)??！?注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性?！?I don39。t want so much. 　 Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.　　　I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。二. 構(gòu)成及變化　　be動(dòng)詞的變化　　肯定句：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：　I am a boy.　　我是一個(gè)男孩。　　否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.　　他不是工人?！　∫话阋蓡柧洌築e +主語+其它。 如：Are you a student?　　Yes. I am. / No, I39。m not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?行為動(dòng)詞的變化　　當(dāng)主語為第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為do　　肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。　　如：　We often play basketball after school.　　否定句：主語+ don39。t+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。　　如：we don’t play basketball after school.　　一般疑問句：Do +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?　　如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don39。t.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以do開頭的一般疑問句?　　如： What do you often do after school ?　　當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí) ,助動(dòng)詞為does　　肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞三單式(+其它)。如： He swims well.　　否定句：主語+ doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)?！　∪纾篐e doesn’t swim well..　　一般疑問句：Does +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?！　∪纾篋oes he swim well ?　　Yes, he does. / No, he doesn39。t.　　特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句?　　如： How does your father go to work?三、第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中，動(dòng)詞才用三單式)　　(1)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s:　　runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs…….　　(2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母,結(jié)尾加es :　　watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes　　(3)動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es:　　study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries　　但在y前如果為元音則直接加s:　　buys says2 一般過去時(shí)的用法 1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 　　yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)　　last night (week, month, year…),　　a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago…　just now,等?！?Where did you go just now?2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。　 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.　 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm wele.　　　　　3）句型：　 It is time for sb. to do sth　 到……時(shí)間了　 該……了　 It is time sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了　 早該……了　 It is time for you to go to bed.　 你該睡覺了?！?It is time you went to bed.　　　你早該睡覺了?！?would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示39。寧愿某人做某事39?！?I39。d rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等?！ thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較：　　一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在?！hristine was an invalid all her life.　 　 (含義：她已不在人間。)　Christine has been an invalid all her life.　　 (含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)　Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. 　 (含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)　Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.　( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)注意： 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等?！　　id you want anything else?　　　I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would.　　　Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used to 　　used to + do：過去常常表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在?！　other used not to be so forgetful.　　 　　Scarf used to take a walk.　 (過去常常散步)　　be used to + doing： 對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或習(xí)慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞?！　e is used to a vegetarian diet.　　 　　Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)典型例題　　　 Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. It39。s 69568442.　　　　　　 A. didn39。t　　B. couldn39。t　C. don39。t　D. can39。t　　答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看 出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。二、構(gòu)成及變化1. Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。：肯定句 ： 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主語+ didn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形.I didn’t watch a film last Sunday .一般疑問句：Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn’t .特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ 以did 開頭的一般疑問句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一、意義——當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。時(shí)間標(biāo)志——now，句前的look ,listen二、構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式肯定句： 主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞Ving (+ 其他)I’m doing my homework now .否定句：主語+be+not+動(dòng)詞ing +其他.I’m not doing my homework now.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動(dòng)詞ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , I’m not .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動(dòng)詞ing+其他?What are you doing now ?三、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：(1)一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing,(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加ing，如 skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing have → havingride → riding e → ing(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetting letting四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：　a. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情?！　?We are waiting for you.　b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行?！　?Mr. Green is writing another novel.　　　　(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)　　 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.　c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等?！　?The leaves are turning red.　　 It39。s getting warmer and warmer.　d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。　　 You are always changing your mind.典型例題　 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.　　A. has lost, don39。t find　　 B. is missing, don39。t find　C. has lost, haven39。t found　 D. is missing, haven39。t found.　　 　 答案D. 前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。 9 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue　　I have two brothers.　　This house belongs to my sister.　2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate　　I need your help.　　He loves her very much.　3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 accept, receive, plete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.　　I accept your advic