【文章內容簡介】 6歲就去世了。雖然作家們難以接受這一事實，但他們過了26歲，就會半幵玩笑地說他們此生是失敗的。視英年早逝為不圓滿的觀念是不合邏輯的，因為衡量生命的尺度是生命留給世界的印跡，是生命的力度和美德。（選自常春藤英語考試研究組編著：《英語專業(yè)八級翻譯指南》，上海交通大學出版社，2005)譯文3:如果“早逝另有所指的話，那一定是人們相信，有些人死得更合“時宜”。老來謝世的很少被稱作“早逝”。長壽就是圓滿。如果是年輕人謝世，人們則假定他的才華尚未完全施展，其生命的價值不可估量。當然，歷史否認這一點。在卓越的英年謝世者中，人們定不會忘記瑪麗蓮?夢露和詹姆士?迪恩。此二人生命雖短，卻依然完美無缺。詩人約翰?濟慈26歲與世長辭，眾多作家很難接受，半幵玩笑地說，他們自己的生命即便超過26歲，也不過失敗二字。生命短暫即人生未成，這種想法邏輯欠通，因為，生命的價值尺度是它留在世間的痕跡，是它的強度和德行。(選自張艷莉、席仲恩主編：《英語專業(yè)八級翻譯》，大連理工大學出版社，2005)TEM8(2001)Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese:Possession for its own sake or in petition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau39。s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one39。s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on lifeengaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it. the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of The pleasure of taking pains，. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play bv the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.譯文努力是精華所在。如果沒有時時相伴的困難，人就不會感到快樂。正如葉芝所言，我們生命中的滿足感很有可能取決于我們選擇的困難的難度。當羅伯特?福羅斯特說“享受痛苦的快樂”時，心中所想也與此相同。而現(xiàn)在宣傳的幸福觀最大缺陷就在于幸福來得太輕松。即使在游戲中，我們也需要設障礙,這是因為沒有障礙，游戲就不成游戲了n游戲是要設法讓事情變得困難，從困難中獲取樂趣。游戲規(guī)則就是強加的困難。如果有人毀了這樂趣，通常是因為他沒遵守游戲規(guī)則。若能隨意改變鐵定的規(guī)則，當然很容易蠃:，但是樂趣來源在于遵守規(guī)則的基礎上獲勝3總之，沒有困難就沒有快樂。（選自英語專業(yè)八級考試命題研究組編寫：《全國高校英語專業(yè)歷年考試試題》，中國三峽出版社，2006)譯文2:努力是問題的關鍵。如果不經(jīng)歷艱難困苦，就沒有幸福可言。正如愛爾蘭詩人葉芝所言，除了極少數(shù)不大可能出現(xiàn)的情況外，我們一生中得到的滿意程度取決于我們愿意克服的困難有多大。美國詩人羅伯特?弗羅斯特談到苦中求樂時，也表達了相似的看法。出現(xiàn)在廣告中的幸福都有一個致命的錯誤，那就是，不費吹灰之力即可獲得幸福。即使在體育比賽中，我們也需要克服困難。我們需要困難，因為沒有困難就沒有比賽比賽就是使某件事情變得更加困難，以便難中取樂。制定比賽規(guī)則就是故意制造困難。違犯競賽規(guī)則也就喪失了比賽樂趣。下棋時，如果不受規(guī)則的約束，高興怎么走就怎么走，你很容易取，勝。然而，樂趣源于勝利而又遵守規(guī)則。沒有困難，也就沒有樂趣,（選自申富英主編：《英語專業(yè)八級真題解析》，大連理工大學出版社，2006)譯文3:。如果不經(jīng)歷艱難困苦，就無幸?？烧?。正如愛爾蘭詩人葉芝所言，除去某些不可能的情形，我們一生獲得的滿足有多大，取決于我們選擇的困難有多強。美國詩人羅伯特?福羅斯特談到“苦中求樂”時，他內心所思，大體如此。媒體中所宣揚的那種幸福觀，其致命的缺陷就在于這樣一個事實，即它宣稱，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不費吹灰之力。我們甚至在競賽中尋求困難。我們需要困難，因為沒有困難也就無所謂競賽，競賽是制造困難以求得樂趣之道。競賽規(guī)則就是任意強加的困難。違犯競賽規(guī)則就是破壞樂趣。這猶如下棋：如果你隨心所欲，肆意更改強制之規(guī)更易獲勝。然而樂趣源于獲勝而又遵守規(guī)則。一言以蔽之，沒有困難就沒有樂趣。（選自董啟明、林立主編：《英語專業(yè)八級十年真題及詳解》，中國廣播電視出版社，2006)TEM8(2002)The word winner and “l(fā)oser have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, wo do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one whoWinners do not dedicate their lives lo a concept of what they imagine they should be。 rather, They are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance.maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don39。t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but e to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play helpless, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.譯文1:成功者不會畢生致力于這樣一種信念，即想象自己應該成為何種人。相反，他們即他們自己。因此，它們不會費神去裝腔作勢，故作姿態(tài)，擺布他人。他們明白，愛與裝愛、傻與裝傻、博學與裝博學之間是有區(qū)別的。成功者無須躲藏在面具后面。成功者敢于獨立思考，敢于運用自己的知識。他們能夠把事實從紛繁的意見中剝離出來，而又不會假裝知曉一切。他們傾聽別人的意見，評品他人的言論，卻能得出自己的結論。雖然勝利者也能欽佩他人、尊敬他人，但是，他們不會完全被他人所規(guī)定、所摧垮、所束縛、所嚇倒。成功者不會佯裝“無助”，也不會玩弄推諉”，相反，他們承擔起自己的生活責任。(毛榮貴譯，《中國翻譯》，2003年第1期）譯文2:蠃家絕不會用自己的一生去實現(xiàn)自己心目中的“贏家”形象。相反，他們保持真我的本色。因此，他們絕不會浪費自己的精力演戲給別人看，絕不會裝腔作勢，也絕不會去擺布別人。他們明白有愛心和假裝有愛心，愚蠢和假裝愚蠢，有學問和假裝有學問是有區(qū)別的。贏家決不需要帶著面具。贏家從不害怕獨立思考，也從不害怕運用自己的知識。他們能夠把事實和觀點區(qū)分開來，從不假裝無所不知。他們傾聽別人的意見，評判他們的觀點，但是得出自己的結論。盡管贏家也敬佩他人，但從不為別人所限制、束縛、嚇倒乃至打垮。贏家不會做出一副無助的樣子，也從不會怨天尤人。相反，他們總是為自己所做的一切負責。（選自常春藤英語考試研究組編著：《英語專業(yè)八級翻譯指