【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 6歲就去世了。雖然作家們難以接受這一事實(shí)，但他們過(guò)了26歲，就會(huì)半幵玩笑地說(shuō)他們此生是失敗的。視英年早逝為不圓滿(mǎn)的觀念是不合邏輯的，因?yàn)楹饬可某叨仁巧艚o世界的印跡，是生命的力度和美德。（選自常春藤英語(yǔ)考試研究組編著：《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯指南》，上海交通大學(xué)出版社，2005)譯文3:如果“早逝另有所指的話(huà)，那一定是人們相信，有些人死得更合“時(shí)宜”。老來(lái)謝世的很少被稱(chēng)作“早逝”。長(zhǎng)壽就是圓滿(mǎn)。如果是年輕人謝世，人們則假定他的才華尚未完全施展，其生命的價(jià)值不可估量。當(dāng)然，歷史否認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。在卓越的英年謝世者中，人們定不會(huì)忘記瑪麗蓮?夢(mèng)露和詹姆士?迪恩。此二人生命雖短，卻依然完美無(wú)缺。詩(shī)人約翰?濟(jì)慈26歲與世長(zhǎng)辭，眾多作家很難接受，半幵玩笑地說(shuō)，他們自己的生命即便超過(guò)26歲，也不過(guò)失敗二字。生命短暫即人生未成，這種想法邏輯欠通，因?yàn)?，生命的價(jià)值尺度是它留在世間的痕跡，是它的強(qiáng)度和德行。(選自張艷莉、席仲恩主編：《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯》，大連理工大學(xué)出版社，2005)TEM8(2001)Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese:Possession for its own sake or in petition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau39。s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one39。s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on lifeengaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it. the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of The pleasure of taking pains，. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play bv the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.譯文努力是精華所在。如果沒(méi)有時(shí)時(shí)相伴的困難，人就不會(huì)感到快樂(lè)。正如葉芝所言，我們生命中的滿(mǎn)足感很有可能取決于我們選擇的困難的難度。當(dāng)羅伯特?福羅斯特說(shuō)“享受痛苦的快樂(lè)”時(shí)，心中所想也與此相同。而現(xiàn)在宣傳的幸福觀最大缺陷就在于幸福來(lái)得太輕松。即使在游戲中，我們也需要設(shè)障礙,這是因?yàn)闆](méi)有障礙，游戲就不成游戲了n游戲是要設(shè)法讓事情變得困難，從困難中獲取樂(lè)趣。游戲規(guī)則就是強(qiáng)加的困難。如果有人毀了這樂(lè)趣，通常是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)遵守游戲規(guī)則。若能隨意改變鐵定的規(guī)則，當(dāng)然很容易蠃:，但是樂(lè)趣來(lái)源在于遵守規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)上獲勝3總之，沒(méi)有困難就沒(méi)有快樂(lè)。（選自英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試命題研究組編寫(xiě)：《全國(guó)高校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)歷年考試試題》，中國(guó)三峽出版社，2006)譯文2:努力是問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。如果不經(jīng)歷艱難困苦，就沒(méi)有幸?？裳?。正如愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人葉芝所言，除了極少數(shù)不大可能出現(xiàn)的情況外，我們一生中得到的滿(mǎn)意程度取決于我們?cè)敢饪朔睦щy有多大。美國(guó)詩(shī)人羅伯特?弗羅斯特談到苦中求樂(lè)時(shí)，也表達(dá)了相似的看法。出現(xiàn)在廣告中的幸福都有一個(gè)致命的錯(cuò)誤，那就是，不費(fèi)吹灰之力即可獲得幸福。即使在體育比賽中，我們也需要克服困難。我們需要困難，因?yàn)闆](méi)有困難就沒(méi)有比賽比賽就是使某件事情變得更加困難，以便難中取樂(lè)。制定比賽規(guī)則就是故意制造困難。違犯競(jìng)賽規(guī)則也就喪失了比賽樂(lè)趣。下棋時(shí)，如果不受規(guī)則的約束，高興怎么走就怎么走，你很容易取，勝。然而，樂(lè)趣源于勝利而又遵守規(guī)則。沒(méi)有困難，也就沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣,（選自申富英主編：《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)真題解析》，大連理工大學(xué)出版社，2006)譯文3:。如果不經(jīng)歷艱難困苦，就無(wú)幸?？烧劇Ｕ鐞?ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人葉芝所言，除去某些不可能的情形，我們一生獲得的滿(mǎn)足有多大，取決于我們選擇的困難有多強(qiáng)。美國(guó)詩(shī)人羅伯特?福羅斯特談到“苦中求樂(lè)”時(shí)，他內(nèi)心所思，大體如此。媒體中所宣揚(yáng)的那種幸福觀，其致命的缺陷就在于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即它宣稱(chēng)，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不費(fèi)吹灰之力。我們甚至在競(jìng)賽中尋求困難。我們需要困難，因?yàn)闆](méi)有困難也就無(wú)所謂競(jìng)賽，競(jìng)賽是制造困難以求得樂(lè)趣之道。競(jìng)賽規(guī)則就是任意強(qiáng)加的困難。違犯競(jìng)賽規(guī)則就是破壞樂(lè)趣。這猶如下棋：如果你隨心所欲，肆意更改強(qiáng)制之規(guī)更易獲勝。然而樂(lè)趣源于獲勝而又遵守規(guī)則。一言以蔽之，沒(méi)有困難就沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣。（選自董啟明、林立主編：《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)十年真題及詳解》，中國(guó)廣播電視出版社，2006)TEM8(2002)The word winner and “l(fā)oser have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, wo do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one whoWinners do not dedicate their lives lo a concept of what they imagine they should be。 rather, They are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance.maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don39。t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but e to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play helpless, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.譯文1:成功者不會(huì)畢生致力于這樣一種信念，即想象自己應(yīng)該成為何種人。相反，他們即他們自己。因此，它們不會(huì)費(fèi)神去裝腔作勢(shì)，故作姿態(tài)，擺布他人。他們明白，愛(ài)與裝愛(ài)、傻與裝傻、博學(xué)與裝博學(xué)之間是有區(qū)別的。成功者無(wú)須躲藏在面具后面。成功者敢于獨(dú)立思考，敢于運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)。他們能夠把事實(shí)從紛繁的意見(jiàn)中剝離出來(lái)，而又不會(huì)假裝知曉一切。他們傾聽(tīng)別人的意見(jiàn)，評(píng)品他人的言論，卻能得出自己的結(jié)論。雖然勝利者也能欽佩他人、尊敬他人，但是，他們不會(huì)完全被他人所規(guī)定、所摧垮、所束縛、所嚇倒。成功者不會(huì)佯裝“無(wú)助”，也不會(huì)玩弄推諉”，相反，他們承擔(dān)起自己的生活責(zé)任。(毛榮貴譯，《中國(guó)翻譯》，2003年第1期）譯文2:蠃家絕不會(huì)用自己的一生去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己心目中的“贏家”形象。相反，他們保持真我的本色。因此，他們絕不會(huì)浪費(fèi)自己的精力演戲給別人看，絕不會(huì)裝腔作勢(shì)，也絕不會(huì)去擺布別人。他們明白有愛(ài)心和假裝有愛(ài)心，愚蠢和假裝愚蠢，有學(xué)問(wèn)和假裝有學(xué)問(wèn)是有區(qū)別的。贏家決不需要帶著面具。贏家從不害怕獨(dú)立思考，也從不害怕運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)。他們能夠把事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，從不假裝無(wú)所不知。他們傾聽(tīng)別人的意見(jiàn)，評(píng)判他們的觀點(diǎn)，但是得出自己的結(jié)論。盡管贏家也敬佩他人，但從不為別人所限制、束縛、嚇倒乃至打垮。贏家不會(huì)做出一副無(wú)助的樣子，也從不會(huì)怨天尤人。相反，他們總是為自己所做的一切負(fù)責(zé)。（選自常春藤英語(yǔ)考試研究組編著：《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯指