何時用不定式何時用分詞和動名詞(編輯修改稿)
2025-06-09 22:57 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 to be discussed at the meeting is very important.=The problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important. ② The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very important. ③ The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which is ) being discussed at the meeting is very important. ⑶．不定式、動名詞做主語、賓語時的比較 A．做主語 例句： ①To read English aloud in the morning is very practical. ② Reading English aloud in the morning is very practical . 為了保持句子的平衡，可用it作形式主語，所以上面例句可寫成為： →It is practical to read English aloud in the morning . →It is practical reading English aloud in the morning . B．作賓語 例句： ①He wanted to help him out with his English. ②He doesn’t like being laughed at. ③I enjoy singing English songs . 辨析：①一般說來，不定式與動名詞做主語可以互換，其意義沒有多大的差別，但認(rèn)真分析起來，它們之間還是有一些差異的： a )不定式做主語，一般表示的是具體的情況,而動名詞做主語，一般表示一般性的情況。如： It is no use to ask him. He knows nothing about this matter. It is no use asking him. He is foolish. b. 同樣，不定式做賓語，一般表示的是具體的情況,而動名詞作賓語，一般表示的是習(xí)慣性的動作。如： I like to sing and dance right now .I feel so pleased to know that our football team has won the match. He has a good voice. He likes singing English songs. ②不定式作賓語時： a) 通常用于及物動詞want, hope, wish, need, promise, plan, pretend, prepare, fail, determine等之后。如：I want to be proud of you. Einstein once refused to speak on the radio for $1,000 a minute. b) 如果作賓語的不定式又有自己的補語，則須用先行詞it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語后置。如： We think it necessary to study English well. We feel our it our duty to help him. c) 不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，只有少數(shù)介詞如，but, except等后面才行。此時不定式可以帶to,如果介詞but, except等的前面有實義動詞do, does或did時，不定式不帶to. 如： In very cold winter weather a cold blooded creature has no choice but to lie down and sleep. Yesterday afternoon he did nothing but lie in bed sleeping. ③有些及物動詞后面只能接動名詞作賓語，這樣的及物動詞不多，主要是：mind, admit, advise void, face, enjoy, finish, excuse, imagine, escape, include, keep, pardon, practice, risk, miss, stand(忍耐，忍受), deny, suggest, give up, put off, can’t help(禁不住), set about, prevent, prevent sb. from, object to（反對），insist on 等。如： The boy insisted on going to Beijing with his father for a tour. The girl didn’t mind being left alone at home. ④有些及物動詞的賓語可用不定式，也有可用動名詞，可分兩種情況： a)意義基本一樣，如like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, cease, attempt, afford, prefer, delay, omit, neglect, propose, 等。如： Marx started working(=to work) hard to improve his English. The Einstein’s cold not afford to pay for ( =paying for) the education that young Albert needed. 但是，如果begin與start本身為進行式時，后面要接不定式，不接動名詞。如： He is beginning to see his mistakes. b)意義明顯不同，主要有以下幾個動詞。 (a) remember(forget, regret )﹢to v. 表示不定式的動作尚未發(fā)生。 remember(forget, regret )﹢ 表示動名詞的動作已發(fā)生。 試比較： Please rem
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