何時用不定式何時用分詞和動名詞-在線瀏覽
2025-06-30 22:57本頁面
【正文】 roblem is a hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. What to do next is up to you.時態(tài)、語態(tài)及其基本用法 A. 不定式 1．不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)有三種形式：①一般式，如，to write / to be written 。何時用不定式何時用分詞和動名詞Ⅰ.動名詞和不定式做主語的相同點 ，常常為了保持句子的平衡，用it來做形式主語，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. ,表語和賓語也要用不定式。主語用了動名詞,表語和賓語也要用動名詞,這在英語中稱為對稱性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼見為實) (85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone Ⅱ.動名詞和不定式做主語的不同點 。②進行式，如，to be writing / to have been writing。 2．基本用法 ①不定式的一般式，表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有時也發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之后。如： When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .) I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.) ③．不定式的完成式，表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前?，F(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)有兩種形式：①一般式，如，doing / being done。 ①現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，或在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生。如： Having done the work very well ,he was praised by the teacher. Having been shot by a bullet, the man fell down dead. C． 動名詞 、語態(tài)有兩種形式：①一般式，如，writing / being written 。 ①動名詞的一般式不表示動作正在進行，但作具有狀語性質(zhì)的賓語時，動名詞一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。如： He was praised by the teacher for having done the work wonderfully. He felt so sorry for not having been given the chance to work in the pany. 三、不定式、分詞、動名詞的詞性特征和句法功能 1．不定式既有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞、形容詞、和副詞的句法功能，因此，不定式在句中作：主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、獨立成分。 3．動名詞，顧名思義，既有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能，因此，動名詞在句中作：主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語。 ：不定式可作：同位語。請看例句： ①My job is to teach the students English. ②My job is teaching the students English. ③My job is interesting. ④I am interested in English. 辨析：A. ①不定式與動名詞作表語一般可以互換使用，在意義上沒有多大差別，且其形式差異較大，很容易把握, 如上面例句的①②；②現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞同形，在作表語時，學(xué)生不易識別。 My job is teaching ( to teach ) the students English. (=What is my job?)。如：My job is teaching the students English→Teaching the students English is my ，原句中的teaching是動名詞； c）分詞具有形容詞的句法功能，那么，我們可以在作表語的分詞前加very(extremely ,fairly ) 等副詞，如果句子成立，則動詞—ing 形式作表語的是現(xiàn)在分詞。 B．確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞作表語的方法有：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的某種特征；過去分詞作表語多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。一般地說，事物具有某種特征，而人才具有某種情感，因此，分詞作表語的句式可歸納為：a） Sb.﹢be ﹢ved 。 b. The news is very exciting. 但有一個詞例外，那就是missing 。如： ① a developing country , a developed country 。 ②building materials , a swimming pool 。 辨異的方法很簡單：①現(xiàn)在分詞具有主動、進行的特點，而過去分詞則具有被動、完成的特點。 a developed country=a country which has developed（發(fā)達國家 ）； boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滾開過的水)。 a swimming pool=a pool for swimming ；而現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語時，表示所修飾的名詞正在進行的動作，兩者是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 the ing new year=the new year that is ing 。先看例句： ① The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. ② The problem discussed discussed at the meeting is very important.
試題試卷相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1