【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 influence levels of hair loss. The most mon type of hair loss (alopecia) is male and female pattern baldness. Other types include： * Alopecia areata (patches of baldness, usually on the scalp) * Scarring alopecia (hair loss directly affecting the hair follicles) * Telogen effluvium (hair thinning over a larger area on the top of the head, rather than bald patches) * Anagen effluvium(most monly caused by cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy) ( )56. Which of the following statements is FALSE about Propecia? A. It can stop hair loss almost in all cases. B. People can buy it online without doctor visit. C. It encourages new hair growth in rare cases. D. it is especially effective on male pattern baldness. ( )57. The next part of the webpage is most likely to be about ________． A. hair loss causes B. hair loss symptoms C. preventing hair loss D. treating hair loss B Children exposed to “safe” levels of air pollution in the womb(子宮 ) develop brain damage that damages their concentration, a study has shown. The research is the first too link mon pollutants such as nitrogen(氮 ) dioxide and soot(油煙 ) to changes in the brains of unborn babies that mean they may struggle to focus at school in later life. The findings suggest that even paratively clean city air could lead to worse academic performance and an increased risk of mental health problems such as addition or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(缺陷多動(dòng)障礙 ). In recent years scientists have found that children who grow up surrounded by air pollution are more likely to have a broad range of “ neuro(神經(jīng) ) developmental” difficulties, including autism and various kinds of cognitive(認(rèn)知 ) damage. However, only a handful of studies have looked at the ways in which the poisonous gases and microscopic particles(微粒 ) that mothers and young children take in affect the brain during critical stages of its growth. A group led by Monica Guxens, of the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, found that exposure to air pollution before birth appeared to have slowed the development of several brain regions that play an important role in people39。s capacity for self denial and sustained effort. This lack of inhibition could in turn cause “cognitive delays” when the children get older, the scientists argue in Biological Psychiatry. “ We need this function in our daily life， ” Dr. Guxens said. “ It controls our impulses(沖動(dòng) ) and our selective attention. Children need it to learn and for making decisions in later life. We39。re interested to see what will happen: is there going to be an impact on their academic work, are there going to be clinical implications? It might be that this will lead to problems later.” The results were drawn from MRI scans of 873 children between the ages of six and ten in Rotterdam. Even though percent of their mothers had lived with nanoparticle pollution levels well below EU legal limits while they were pregnant the pollution still appeared to have taken its toll(傷亡人數(shù) ). Children who had been exposed to more pollution in the womb did worse on a test of their ability to block out irrelevant stimuli(刺激 ). They also had thinner outer layers in the precuneus(楔前葉 ) and the rostral middle frontal regions of their brains, both of which are involved in cognitive inhibition, which refers to the mind39。s ability to tune out stimuli th at are irrelevant to the task at hand or to the mind39。s current state. Experiments on animals show that so called fine particles are able to pass through the placenta and affect the brain of the fetus(胎兒 ). Dr Guxens said there were probably no such thing as a safe concentration of air pollution. ( )58. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Children39。s brain growth slowed by “safe” pollution. B. The safe level of air pollution for pregnant women. C. Factors leading to children39。s poor academic performance. D. The problems children have when surrounded by pollution. ( )59. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to? A. Academic work. B. The lack of inhibition. C. Selective attention. D. The ability for self dial and sustained effort. ( )60. From the last three paragraphs we can infer ________． A. air pollution has claimed many lives of kids B. people can39。t focus on air pollution enough C. the majority of pregnant women are free from air pollution D. kids exposed to more pollution have poorer cognitive inhibition C Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感 ) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people. Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer? Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being pelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one39。s self image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual). Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effec