【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 the capital city Bucharest28．（8 分）In 2016 ， designer Liz Ciokajlo received a task from the Museum of Modern Art（Moma）in New York ：revisit the Moon Boot ， a fluffy ﹣looking snowshoe inspired by thefootwear used by the Apollo astronauts ．Launched in 1972 at the height of the lunar missions ， the Moon Boot is an icon of the20th Century39。s plastic age and the museum administrators wanted a new take on it ．Ciokajlo set out to reimagine it ． She knew only a biomaterial would work in a post ﹣plastic age， but the designer also wanted a new destination to inspire it ． Our generation39。sspace travel obsession is not the Moon， she thought， but the red planet﹣Mars． And Marsallows you to really think outside of the box ．The task led her to an amazing biomaterial that had already attracted the attention ofengineers innovating m building materials and of top space agencies like NASA andESA． Her final design ， a tall， female， rough﹣looking boot ， can be made on board aspaceship with almost only human sweat and a few fungus spores （真菌孢子） ， ideal for aseven﹣month trip to Mars with limited check ﹣in luggage．This magic biomaterial is mycelium （菌絲體），the vegetative part of the fungus It lookslike amass of white thread ﹣like structures， each called hyphae． Collectively ， these threadsare called mycelium and are the largest part of the fungus ．Mycelium has amazing properties ． It is a great recycler ， as it feeds off a substrate tocreate more material ， and has the potential of almost limitless growth in the rightconditions ． It can endure more pressure than conventional concrete without breaking ． It is aknown insulator and fire ﹣retardant and could even provide radiation protection on spacemissions．On Earth it39。s currently used to create ceiling panels ， leather， packaging materials andbuilding materials ， but in outer space it stands out for its architectural potential ， says artistand engineer Maurizio Montalti ， who has teamed up with Ciokajlo ．第 9 頁（共 54 頁）For her revisited boot ， Ciokajlo wanted to use the human body as the source for some ofthe building materials and decided to employ sweat． Reusing sweat is not entirely new inspace exploration but a novelty approach for footwear ． She thinks it might make astronautsfeel closer to home during the long journey to Mars ．The design is still hypothetical， because the real boot submitted for Moma ﹣ andcurrently in display at the London Design Museum ﹣ did use mycelium but not human sweat ，as their deadline was too tight ， but the science checks out．（1）The sentences ‘ Mars has always been a place where you can dream．It is a place whereyou can reimagine how to live on Earth ．39。 Ciokajlo says ． w should be put ．A ．between Para． 1 and B． between Para． 2 and C． between and D． between Para． 4 and （2）According to the passage，which of the following Doesn39。t belong to the characteristics ofmycelium ？A ．It can be recyclable ．B．It can protect people from radiation ．C．It can grow without limit whatever the condition ．D．Compared with conventional concrete ， it can endure more pressure．（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ？A ．The new design will be used for moon exploration ．B．It will be some time before the new design is put into actual use ．C．Mycelium has been currently widely used ， especially in outer space．D．Human sweat wasn39。t used in the design because of some drawbacks．（4）The author takes a（n） attitude towards the new design．A ． optimisticB． indifferentC． objectiveD． doubtful第 10 頁（共 54 頁）29．（8 分）Going to university is supposed to be a mind ﹣broadening experience．That assumption is possibly made in contrast to training for work straight afterschool． But is it actually true ？ Jessika Golle of the University of Tubingen ， Germany，thought she would try to find out ．Her result，however，is not quite what might be expected ．It shows that those who havebeen to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than thosewho have spent their immediate post ﹣school years in vocational training for work ． However ，it is not the case that university broadens minds ． Rather， work seems to narrow them ．After studying the early career of 2095 German youngsters， Dr． Golle reached theconclusion．During the period under investigation ， Germany had three tracks in its schools ： a lowone for pupils who would most probably leave school early and enter vocational training ； ahigh one for those almost certain to enter university ； and an intermediate one ， from whichthere was a choice between the academic and vocational routes．The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers． One was of personalitytraits and the other of attitudes ． They administered both tests twice ﹣ once towards the endof each volunteer39。s time at school ， and then again six years later．Of the original group ， 382 were on the intermediate track ， and it was on these that theresearchers focused． Of them， 212 went to university and the remaining 170 chosen forvocational training and a job ．When it came to the second round of tests， Dr Golle found that the personalities of thosewho had gone to university had not apparently changed ． Those who had undergone vocationaltraining and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality ， either ﹣ except in onecrucial respect ﹣ they had bee more responsible．That sounds like a good thing ， pared with the mon public image ofundergraduates as a bunch of pampered layabout（s 嬌生慣養(yǎng)的閑人） ．But changes in attitudethe researchers recorded were more worrying ． In the university group ， again， none weredetectable． But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest intasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature ．And that might restrict their choice of careers ． Some investigative and enterprising jobs ，第 11 頁（共 54 頁）such as scientifi