【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
can be very sluggish Towards a Sustainable Energy Future The Transfer Coefficient In most systems a turns out to lie between and , and it can usually be approximated by in the absence of actual measurements. Towards a Sustainable Energy Future The transfer coefficient ? a should generally be a potentialdependent factor。 ? In a typical chemical system, the free energies of activation are in the range of a few electron volts, but the full range of measurable kiics usually corresponds to a change in activation energy of only 50200 meV, or a few percent of the total. Towards a Sustainable Energy Future Exchange current At zero current At equilibrium, the bulk concentrations of О and R are found also at the surface Towards a Sustainable Energy Future Exchange current Exchange current density Towards a Sustainable Energy Future The currentoverpotential Equation Currentoverpotential Equation Towards a Sustainable Energy Future Towards a Sustainable Energy Future The currentoverpotential Equation ? The solid curve shows the actual total current, which is the sum of the ponents ic and ia, shown as dashed traces. ? For large negative overpotentials, the anodic ponent is negligible。