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danced。 live—lived—lived。 place—placed—placed. 3) 以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞,將 “y” 變?yōu)?“i” ,再加“ed” 注意:元音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞的過去分詞的變法參見一般動詞?! ∪纾篶arry—carried—carried。 hurry—hurried—hurried。 cry—cried—cried 4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加“ed” 如:plan—planned—planned。 stop—stopped—stopped。 drop—dropped—dropped 2. 不規(guī)則動詞 不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞有5種形式: AAA 如:cost—cost—cost。 cut—cut—cut。 hit—hit—hit ABB 如:bring—brought—brought。 build—built—built。 catch—caught—caught。 keep—kept—kept。 sell—sold—sold。 smell—smelt—smelt。 learn—learnt—learnt。 say—said—said。 meet—met—met。 make—made—made。 leave—left—left 此類變化涉及到的動詞較多,需要同學(xué)們認(rèn)真記憶。 ABC 如:begin—began—begun。 blow—blew—blown。 drive—drove—drive。 break—broke—broken。 forget—forgot—forgotten。 eat—ate—eaten。 take—took—taken。 do—did—done 此類變化涉及到的動詞較多,需要同學(xué)們認(rèn)真記憶。 AAB 如:beat—beat—beaten ABA 如:e—came—e 不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化規(guī)則多,但是還是有一定的規(guī)律所循,希望同學(xué)們多花心思,細(xì)心記下,這是使用完成時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)。三、用法 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動 作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在?! ?I have spent all of my money. 我花光了身上所有的錢?! ?(含義是:I don’t have any money now.) Jane has laid the table. Jane已經(jīng)把桌子擺好了。 (含義是:We can sit and have dinner.) Michael has been ill. Michael病了?! ?(含義是:He can’t e to school.) He has returned from abroad. 他已經(jīng)從國外回來了?! ?(含義是:He’s at home now.) 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for(+時(shí)間段), since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn))連用?! ?Mary has been ill for three days. Mary已經(jīng)病了三天了?! ?I have lived here since 1998. 我從1998年起一直住在這?! ?I have been a teacher for 10 years. 我當(dāng)老師已經(jīng)10年了?! ?注意:點(diǎn)動詞(buy, die, join, finish等)不能直接與for, since 連用,需要改變動詞?! ?1) have代替buy I have bought new car. 他買了輛新車。(含義:他自己有車,不用搭別人車等。) I have had this bike for almost 7 years. 我買這輛自行車七年了?! ?2) 用keep或have代替borrow He has kept the book for a long time. 他借這書好長時(shí)間了。 3) 用be in替代e to/ join/ move to等 How long have you been in America? 你來美國多久了? 4) 用be+副詞 替代start/ get up/ return to/go back to The show has been on for half an hour. Hurry up! 演出已經(jīng)開始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了??禳c(diǎn)! I’ve been up for an hour, but I still feel sleepy. 我起床已經(jīng)一個(gè)小時(shí)了,但是我還是覺得很困。 He has been back to his hometown for a year, but he’s still missing the life in the city. 他回到故鄉(xiāng)都一年了,但是他還是很懷念城市生活。 總之,后加時(shí)間的完成時(shí)表達(dá)中,都表達(dá)一個(gè)動作所延續(xù)的時(shí)間,而點(diǎn)動詞只表達(dá)那一動作,動作之后所處的狀態(tài),應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)詞來表達(dá),如e是“來”的意思,而來之后的日子都是“在…”因?yàn)椴荒苡胑表達(dá),應(yīng)該用be in…來表達(dá),意為“一直處于…”?! ?. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍,故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是,在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí),可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí) 間狀語連用?! ?如:I have finished my homework yesterday. () I finished my homework yesterday. (√) 1)副詞already和yet already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中?! ? 如:I’ve already slept for 12 hours but I’m still feeling tired. 我都睡了12個(gè)小時(shí)了可是我還是很累?! ? I haven’t finished working yet. 我還沒有完成工作?! ? Have you found your lost cat yet? 你找到你丟了的小貓了嗎? 2)ever和never 多用于否定或疑問句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”。 如:Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎? No, I haven’t. I have never been to the Great Wall. 沒有。我從未去過長城?! ?3)用表示到說話為止的過去時(shí)間狀語,如:just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 如:I have just finished my paper. 我才寫完我的論文?! ? I’ve dream about that before. 我以前夢到過那個(gè)情景?! ? Up to now, he has got 3 gold medals in the Olympic Games. 到現(xiàn)在為止,他已經(jīng)在奧運(yùn)會中取得了三塊金牌。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那里三次了?! ?4)用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語,如:now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等?! ? 如:Have you met him today? No, I haven39。t. 今天你見過他嗎?沒有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那里多少次?四、練習(xí) ?。ㄒ唬﹩雾?xiàng)選擇 1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they __________ what happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know 2. Have you met Mr. Li __________? A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago 3. The famous writer __________ two new books in the past two year. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written 4. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I __________ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see 5. These farmers have been to the United States. Really? When __________ there? A