植物學(xué)第二章菌類(編輯修改稿)
2025-05-26 12:13 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 子囊盤(apothcium)。 代表植物： 火絲菌（ Pyronema confluens） 的子囊、子囊孢子、子囊果的形成過(guò)程。 （三） 子囊菌亞門（ Asycotina） : The typical life cycle of an asycete. Asexual reproduction occurs by way of specialized spores, known as conidia, which are usually multinucleate. Sexual reproduction involves the formation of asci and ascospores. Karyogamy is followed immediately by meiosis in the ascus, resulting in the production of ascospores. .~. ycetes. (a)A morel, Morchella [ioJlenta. The true morels are among ~t choicest edible fungi. Mushroom ~lO~erers look for them when the oak are the size of a mouse39。s ear.“ ,~. ls were first grown successfully in [l~{ture in 1983 but have not yet been loped into a mercial crop. (b) Scarlet cup, Sarcoscypha coccinea, a beautiful fungus with an open asa (apothecium). (c) The highly prized,edible asa of a black truJJle, Tuber melanosporum. In the truJJtes, this sporebearing structure is produced below ground and remains closed, liberating its ascospores only when the asa decays or is broken open by digging are mycorrhizal (see page 238), mainly on oaks and hazelnuts, and are searched for by specially trained dogs and pigs. Recently, they have been cultivated mercially on a small scale by inoculating the roots of seedling host plants with their spores. 羊肚菌屬 A stained thin section through the hymenial layer of a morel (Morchella), showing asci with ascospores. 子囊與子囊果 (a)An electron micrograph showing two ~i of Ascodesmis nigricans in which ascospores are maturing. (b) Asa o/Erysiphe aggregata, showing the ~elosed asci and ascospores. This pletely enclosed type of asa is ~aUed a cleistothecium. (c) An asa of Coniochaeta, showing the enclosed asci and ascospores. Note the small pore at the top. This sort of asa, with a small opening, is known as a perithecium. Yeasts. (a) Budding cells of bread yeast, Saccha
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