垂體前葉功能減退ppt課件(編輯修改稿)
2025-05-25 22:19 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 pap smears and mammograms are mandatory. ? Men develop testicular suppression with decreased libido, impotence, decreased ejaculate volume, loss of body and facial hair, weakness, fatigue and often anemia. On testing, blood levels of testosterone are low and should be replaced. In the United States, testosterone may be given as a biweekly intramuscular injection, a patch form, or a gel preparation. In other countries, oral preparations of testosterone are available. ? Growth Hormone Deficiency ? Growth hormone is necessary in children for growth, but also appears necessary in adults to maintain normal body position (muscle and bone mass). It may also be helpful for maintaining an adequate energy level, optimal cardiovascular status and some mental functions. Symptoms of GH deficiency in adults include fatigue, poor exercise performance and symptoms of social isolation. GH is only available in injectable form and must be given 67 times per week. ? Antidiuretic Hormone deficiency causing diabetes insipidus ? This problem arises from damage to the pituitary stalk or the posterior pituitary gland. It may occur transiently after transsphenoidal surgery but is rarely permanent. Patients with diabetes insipidus have increased thirst and urination. Replacement of antidiuretic hormone resolves these symptoms. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is currently replaced by administration of DDAVP (also called Desmopressin) a synthetic type of ADH. DDAVP can be given by subcutaneous injection, intranasal spray, or by tablet, usually once or twice a day. 主要原因 ? 一、原發(fā) ? １、垂體缺血性壞死：產(chǎn)后大出血（ Sheehan)綜合征、糖尿病、顳 ? 動脈炎、子癲等 ? ２、垂體區(qū)腫瘤：原發(fā)于鞍內(nèi)的腫瘤，如嫌色細胞瘤、顱咽管瘤； ? 鞍旁腫瘤：腦膜瘤、視神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤。 ? ３、垂體卒中：一般與垂體瘤有關(guān) ? ４、醫(yī)源性鼻煙部或蝶鞍區(qū)放射治療后、手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷毀壞 ? ５、免疫性疾病 ? ６、感染性疾病 ? ７、海綿竇血栓形成及原發(fā)性空泡蝶鞍 主要原因 ? 繼發(fā)性 ? １、垂體柄破壞性外傷、腫瘤或動脈瘤壓迫及手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷 ? ２、下丘腦或其他中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)病變創(chuàng)傷、惡性腫瘤、 ? 類肉瘤、異位松果體瘤及神經(jīng)性厭食等 機理 ? 缺血 ? 破壞 臨床表現(xiàn) ? 一、垂體前葉機能減退 ? PRL和 GH分泌不足： PRL和 GH分泌不足是產(chǎn)后大出血最先出現(xiàn) ? 的垂體激素分泌受損表現(xiàn) ? PRL 產(chǎn)后無乳、乳房不脹 ? GH 血糖 促性腺激素不足：產(chǎn)后閉經(jīng)、性欲減退、陰毛脫落、乳房萎縮及內(nèi)
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