【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 re produced and what kinds of water were used. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.Ⅱ. Grammar Focus. 1. 學(xué)生閱讀Grammar Focus中的句子，然后做填空練習(xí)。① 拉鏈?zhǔn)鞘裁磿r候被發(fā)明的？ ______ _____ the zipper ________? ② 它于1893年被發(fā)明。 It ______ _________ in 1893. ③ 它是由誰發(fā)明的？ ______ _____ it invented ______? ④ 它是由惠特科姆?賈得森發(fā)明的。 It _____ _______ _____ Whitb Judson. ⑤ 茶葉什么時候被帶到朝鮮去的？ _____ ______tea ________ to Korea? ⑥ 茶葉在六到七世紀(jì)之間被帶到朝鮮。 It _____ _______ to Korea ________the 6th and 7th centuries. ⑦ 熱冰淇淋勺用來做什么？ What ____ the hot icecream _____ _____? ⑧ 它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。 It’s _____ ______ ______ really cold icecream. ⑨ 電話機(jī)在1876年被貝爾所發(fā)明。 The telephone _____ ________ _____ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. ⑩ 貝爾于1876年發(fā)明了電話機(jī)。 Alexander Graham Bell _________ the telephone in 1876. 2. 學(xué)生們根據(jù)記憶，看大屏幕來完成填空練習(xí)。3. 學(xué)生們完成填空試題后，可以打開課本檢查答案，對錯誤的句子，單獨進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化記憶。Ⅲ. Grammar一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是動作的承受者。如：We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 我們昨天打掃了教室。(主動語態(tài)，主語we是clean這一動作的執(zhí)行者)The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 教室昨天被打掃。(被動語態(tài)，主語the classroom是clean這一動作的承受者)一、一般過去時被動語態(tài)一般過去時被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+ was /were +及物動詞的過去分詞 (+by+動作的執(zhí)行者).”。如： Trees were planted last spring.去年春天種了樹。1. 肯定句： 主語 + was/were +及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他. Paper was invented by Chinese people two thousand years ago. 紙是中國人在二千多年前發(fā)明的。 2. 否定句： 主語 + was/were not +及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他. Women were not allowed to take part in the games at first. 開始婦女不允許參加奧運會。 3. 一般疑問句： Was/Were +主語 +及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他? Were these pictures drawn by your sister? 這些圖片是由你妹妹畫的嗎？ 二、被動語態(tài)的用法：1. 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者。 . English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都在說英語。2. 需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。 . This dictionary is used by most students. 這本字典是大多數(shù)學(xué)生在用的。三、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題1. 有些短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r介詞或副詞不能去掉。 They put off the meeting because of the weather. The meeting was put off because of the weather. 會議因天氣的緣故被推遲了。 2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，通常把指“人”的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，指“物”的直接賓語保留不變；如果把指物”的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則在間接賓語前加to或for。 My aunt gave me an edictionary yesterday. I was given an edictionary yesterday. An edictionary was given to me yesterday. 3. 主動句中感官動詞see/hear/watch/feel等和使役動詞make/let/have等后跟省略to的動詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應(yīng)加上不定式符號to。I saw a heavy man enter the house. A heavy man was seen to enter the house. 4. 系動詞、不及物動詞或某些短語動詞（happen, take place, e true, fall asleep…）沒有被動語態(tài)。 What happened to Mr. Brown? 布朗先生發(fā)生了什么事？ Ⅳ. Exercises練一練 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。 1. He chose six story books the other day. Six story books _____ _______ by him the other day. 2. Uncle Lee gave Jack a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. Jack ______ _____ a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. 3. A mouse ate half of the cake last night. Half of the _____ ____ by a mouse last night. 將下列句子變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)。 4. Were these machines invented by Edison? _______ Edison _______ these machines? 5. The post card was sent to Linda by Paul. Paul _______ the post card _______ Linda. 6. America was discovered by Columbus. _______ Columbus discovered _________? Ⅴ. PracticeWork on 4a: 1. Tell Ss to read the sentences in 4a and rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 2. 做題方法點撥示例：① 點撥：原句為一般過去時態(tài)，原句的謂語動詞為sold，賓語為the fridge；改為被動語態(tài)時，應(yīng)將the fridge作主語，謂語動詞用was sold的形式。 They sold the fridge at a low price. → The fridge was sold at a low price. ② 點撥：分析原句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，stole是謂語動詞，my camera是句子的賓語；改為被動語態(tài)句時，應(yīng)將my camera作句子主語，謂語動詞用was stolen的形式。 Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room. → My camera was stolen from my hotel room. 學(xué)生們自主將其他三個句子變成被動語態(tài)。 3. 最后，教師與同學(xué)們一起校對答案，并對學(xué)生們有疑問的地方進(jìn)行解釋，或做出合理的分析點撥。 Where were these photos taken? We were advised not to go out alone. The book was translated into different languages by different writers. Work on 4b: Complete the sentences with correct forms of the verbs in the box. 1. 讓學(xué)生們閱讀方框中的詞匯，了解詞匯及句子的意思，為進(jìn)行填詞做好準(zhǔn)備。eat, like, invite, tell, lock, ring, break, bring2. 認(rèn)真閱讀每個句子，根據(jù)上下文確定空格處應(yīng)填的意思。3. 逐句進(jìn)行分析推敲，然后分析句子的時態(tài)及語態(tài)，用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?) You ____________ to the party last night, weren’t you? Why didn’t you go? 2) The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers _____________ to a safe place. 3) The door ___________ when we arrived, so we ______ the bell. 4) The students ___________ not to eat or drink in class, but Ruby ______ the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class. 5) The cookies __________ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and they really _____ them. 4. 最后，通讀一遍所有句子，進(jìn)行綜合理解，看句子的意思是否通順，合理。5. Check the answers with the Ss. 1. were invited 2. were brought 3. was locked, rang (前一句中，門是被鎖的，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；后一句中，我們?nèi)グ撮T鈴，是主動語態(tài)。) 4. were told, broke (前一句中，學(xué)生們是被告訴不要做這些事情，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；后一句中，Ruby違反規(guī)則，則是主動語態(tài)。) 5. were eaten, liked (前一句中，餅干是被孩子們吃掉了，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；后一句中，孩子們喜歡這些餅干，則是主動語態(tài)。) Ⅵ. Practice Work on 4c: Decide whether active or passive forms should be used in these sentences. Write the correct forms in the blanks. 1. 先通讀小短文，了解大意。The telephone ______________ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He __________ (born) in 1847. Mr. Bell ________ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson. In 1875, Mr. Bell _________ (learn) how to send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone _____________ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that _________ (say) on the telephone by Mr. Bell was “Mr. Watson, e here。 I want to see you.” Today the telephone ________ (use) around the world. 2. 逐句分析每一句話的意思，確定句子主語和謂語動詞之間主動或被動關(guān)系。3. 結(jié)合句子的時態(tài)，填上正確