【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 should keep the room as clean as your brother’s.as…as possible / sb can “盡可能…” We went there as soon as possible. Listen to the teacher as carefully as you can. He went there as quickly as he could.有些短語(yǔ)有幾個(gè)意思：as soon as 和…一樣快；一…就…； as much as和…一樣多；多達(dá)； as long as和…一樣長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)達(dá)；只要； as well as和…一樣好；和…一樣； as far as遠(yuǎn)達(dá)；就…來(lái)說(shuō) (as…as…在否定句中也可說(shuō)so…as….) 也可表示倍數(shù)： This room is twice as big as that one. 這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的兩倍大。：prefer sth to sth 或 prefer doing sth to doing sth.“比起…更喜歡…” prefer to do sth rather than do sth寧愿…也不愿… 若單獨(dú)一個(gè)prefer，和like 用法類似，后接 to do sth 或 doing sth “更喜歡做某事”28. some, any, every用法：some“某～，一些～”，用于肯定的陳述句中。I have something to tell you. Maybe somebody has taken it. 若用于疑問(wèn)句中表示期待對(duì)方肯定的回答或表示請(qǐng)求或建議.Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something to eat? What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs? Will you buy me some books? May I give you some tea? Would you like some milk?在一些”do some…”短語(yǔ)中, 即使是疑問(wèn)句中, some也不變?yōu)閍ny. 如：Will you do some washing next Sunday? 這些短語(yǔ)有： do some shopping / cleaning / cooking / sweeping / washing 等。 any, 在疑問(wèn)句中仍譯為“某～，一些～”Do you have anything to say？ Is anybody in the house？ Have you seen it anywhere? 在if 引導(dǎo)的句中，常用any. 如：If you have any water, please give me some.在肯定句和否定句中譯為“任何～” You may put the box anywhere in the room. He is taller than any other student in the class. We won’t have anything to eat now. every“每～”，強(qiáng)調(diào)所有，既包括此也包括彼。 Is everybody here？No，Tom and Lucy have asked for leave. The glass was broken, and the water went everywhere.：八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am / is / are + )、一般將來(lái)時(shí)(will / shall / be going to+動(dòng)詞原形)、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was / were + )、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have / has + v. 過(guò)去分詞)、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had + v. 過(guò)去分詞)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would + v. 原形) 六個(gè)形式： 原形； 過(guò)去式(規(guī)則的加ed)； 過(guò)去分詞(規(guī)則的加ed)； 第三人稱單數(shù)(加s / es)； 現(xiàn)在分詞()； 帶to不定式。 / whether區(qū)別：if 如果(引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句) / 是否(引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)—8— Do you know if he will go to the post office? If he goes there, I will ask him to buy me some stamps. 兩個(gè)if, 前者“是否”；后者“如果”，觀察其后時(shí)態(tài)的不同。(各見語(yǔ)法2) whether“無(wú)論”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 / “是否”引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句（相當(dāng)于if） 都譯為“是否”時(shí)，whether可接or not, 也可接帶to不定式。而if 則不可。另外，if可接any單詞，常不接some單詞。 (見語(yǔ)法28.)：because, 常是對(duì)why的回答，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。位置：Because…, …或…, because…. since, 表顯然的或已知的理由Since it’s already late, I must go now. for, 位置：…，for….語(yǔ)氣最弱。 I drove carefully, for it’s snowing. as有時(shí)也指“因?yàn)椤保梅ɑ緹o(wú)限制。As I am ill, I won’t go.：must, may, might, could, can, can’t must“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。 There is the door bell, it must be Tom. 門鈴響了，一定是湯姆(來(lái)了)。 may / might“也許”一般用于肯定句， may比might可能性大。 She is ing to us. She might be our new teacher. can / could“可能”could比can語(yǔ)氣更委婉。但can多用于否定。 You could be right, but I don’t think you are. The light in the office is off. The teacher can’t be there now.：so是副詞，后跟形容詞/副詞，so tall / slowly / carefully / young… such是形容詞，后跟名詞短語(yǔ)。such bad weather / good news /beautiful music…。 such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a heavy stone / an interesting lesson…。 such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies / clever children…。若名詞前形容詞是many, much, few, little時(shí)，不用such, 而用so.so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water…也常有“so / such …that…”句型，譯為“如此…以致于…”。：so + be / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 / 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)，“…也” 上下文所指不是同一個(gè)人或物。 The twins are working, so am I. I will leave tonight, and so will Peter. If you go there, so will I . (最后一句參見語(yǔ)法2)又如：A: I woke up late this morning. B: So did I. so + 主語(yǔ) + be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 / 助動(dòng)詞，“的確…是”上下文所指是同一個(gè)人或物。A: We have lunch at school. B: So you do. 又如：A: Bruce can work out the problem. B: So he can. （注意以上黑體字的照應(yīng)） / nor用法之一：neither / nor + be / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 / 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) “…也不”上文是否定句。She didn’t get well, nor did her brother. Tim isn’t going to do his work, neither is John. 又如：A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast. B: Neither have I. （注意以上黑體字的照應(yīng)）, make, get, have用法：keep + sb / sth doing sth “讓…一直做…” I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long. (區(qū)別：keep + doing sth “堅(jiān)持做某事，一直做某事”) make + sb / sth do sth讓…做某事(接動(dòng)原） I’ll try to make you understand what I mean. I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long. make若用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，原有后接動(dòng)詞原形要改為帶to不定式(另見語(yǔ)法6的類似說(shuō)法)：I made him wait for long. →He was made to wait for long.get + sb / sth to do …做某事。He got Peter to buy him a pen.have + 賓語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形 / ing / 過(guò)去分詞Have him do it, 。（him 和 do 邏輯上形成主謂關(guān)系，do用原形。）We had the machine 。（讓某物一直在進(jìn)行著某事。）We had the machine （讓機(jī)器被修理了，表被動(dòng)。）也都可接形容詞：keep safe / busy, keep the door closed / open, make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready. get her ears pierced.：used to + 動(dòng)原，“過(guò)去常常” He used to smoke. be used to 譯為“被用于…”，后接動(dòng)原。 It is used to cut things. （主語(yǔ)是物） be used to 譯為“習(xí)慣于…”，后接動(dòng)詞ing或名詞 / 代詞. （主語(yǔ)常是人）如：He’s used to working late. We are used to the country life. Are you used to it? be used for “被用于…”，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing （主語(yǔ)也是物） 如：English is used for business. Knives are used for cutting things.38. through / past / across 區(qū)別: 都可作介詞，“穿過(guò)”，前常有位移動(dòng)詞(以下黑體部分)。 He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. （從窗戶內(nèi)部經(jīng)過(guò)） He went past me without saying any words. （從我旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)） He swam across the river. （從河的表面經(jīng)過(guò)）【through,內(nèi)部。 past,旁邊。 across,表面】 位移動(dòng)詞 + past 有時(shí)相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞pass。 位移動(dòng)詞 + across有時(shí)相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞cross. number of / a number of: 前者“…的數(shù)量”；后者“許多的” 都跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。前者作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；后者作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。The number of the trees is two thousand. （用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ). 另注意trees前有限定詞） A number of trees have been cut down. （用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ). 另注意trees前無(wú)限定詞）—10—：how long，since，for，(以上見84）until / till等所在肯定句中的主句謂語(yǔ)要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(以下劃線部分)： We have been in Zhengzhou for ten years. How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2002. Let’s wait until he es back.. 但否定句中可用短暫性動(dòng)詞，如下面的see與leave： I haven’t seen you for a long time. They won’t leave until it stops raining. 另外，請(qǐng)觀察以下短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的常見表達(dá)： lose →be lost. start / begin to do→do go off→be offstart, begin→be on turn on→be on move to→live inend→be over get, buy→have, own borrow→keepdie→be dead go ou