【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 意思。還要注意介詞的使用：被動(dòng)形式有時(shí)by要被其它介詞代替 be known to sb.be popular with/among sb.be covered with sth.be engaged to sb.be married to sb.接不帶to的不定式（也稱(chēng)禿頭不定式）做賓補(bǔ)的詞改成被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to. 常用的動(dòng)詞有（十個(gè)半動(dòng)詞）一感 feel二聽(tīng) listen to/hear三讓 make/let/have四看 watch/see/look at/notice半幫助 help (即可用to也可不用）Did anyone see Tom enter the room? →Was Tom seen to enter the room?The teacher makes us do a lot of homework. → we are made to do a lot of homework by the teacher. My house is full of dust because the old house just opposite ______. (2005/4)will be pulled down has to be pulled downC. has pulled down D. is being pulled downD從句定語(yǔ)從句注意關(guān)系代詞that的使用A．先行詞為all everything nothing something anything little much 等不定代詞時(shí)用that hobby can be almost anything that a person likes to do in his spare time. A hobby is something that we like to do in our spare time. every no some any little much 修飾時(shí)用that’ve read all the books that you gave me. is the first position that he has written in English. This is the best novel that I have ever read. only the very the same the last 修飾時(shí)用that last place that we visited was the chemical works. The white flowers is the only one that I really like. This is the very book that I want to find. talked about the teachers and school that he had visited.，定語(yǔ)從句要用that is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that know something about physics does not know this?關(guān)系代詞除連接句子外，一般在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有 when= in which, on which, at which where=in which, at which, on which why=for which is the reason why I did it. The school where I’m studying is a key school. The time has e when ordinary people can use puter.帶介詞的定語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，形成帶介詞的定語(yǔ)從句。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：從句由“介詞+which”（表示事和物）從句由“介詞+which”（表示人） man to/with whom he is talking is a teacher. The school in/at which I am studying is a key school.解題要訣：掌握常用介詞的基本用法 掌握常用動(dòng)詞，形容詞與介詞之間的固定搭配非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，不能用that只能用which。. He died suddenly, which made her very sad. he said last night he went to sleep with his clothes on, which was very unfortable.關(guān)系詞的使用一看先行詞，二看關(guān)系詞在從句中的作用，在此基礎(chǔ)上熟記幾個(gè)常用的固定句式，如：the same … as , such … as…The film is the same as we have expected.關(guān)系詞在句中做定語(yǔ) – whose應(yīng)該熟悉關(guān)系詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)的各種變體。 the office whose windows are broken the office the windows of which are broken “介詞 + which/whom”的結(jié)構(gòu)做關(guān)系詞A． 介詞是句中短語(yǔ)搭配的一部分 ,如pay attention to, take care of 等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。 This is the boy whom she has taken care of.B． “部分 + of + 整體名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)做關(guān)系詞也就是 “部分名詞 + of which/whom”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Her two brothers, both of whom work in Scotland, ring her up every week.We will have a party in the room, the window of which has been broken.C． 另一種介詞是表示范圍的介詞He has posed many pieces of music popular with young people, ____ which this is an example.ofD． 有時(shí)介詞與先行詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) It is useful to be able to predict the extent ____ which a price change will affect supply and demand. A. from B. with C. to D. forC. toas/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別（1）位置不同：as可置于句首，也可置于句中，而which只能放在句中。（2）指代不同。 as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞為整個(gè)主句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞也可以是主句或主句中的一部分。（3）與主動(dòng)動(dòng)作先后不同：as從句表示的行為經(jīng)常是在主句行為之前，而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表示的卻在主句之后，表示連續(xù)發(fā)生的事情或結(jié)果等。As was expected, the England team won the football match. He promised to help me, which he did. He was often late for work, which cost him his job.注意先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因時(shí)，關(guān)系詞的選用 如果用when, where 或why，關(guān)系詞在從句中應(yīng)該是做狀語(yǔ),否則的話(huà)則應(yīng)該用which / that等。例如： I will never forget the days ________ I spent with my friends in the country.that/which/ \exercises1. The boy was paid $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. (2005/10)A．those B．theseC．that D．Which2. Anyone ______ has something interesting to concentrate on won39。t find life boring. (2005/4)A. whoever B. whomeverC. who D. whichD C3. Athletes ______ at the Olympic Games are supposed to be nonprofessionals. (2004/10)A. who pete B. who are petingC. who will pete D. who have peted4. Television, ______ came into being in 1939, did not bee mon until the early 1950s. (2004/4)A. that B. whatC. which D. it A CAdverbial Clauses用作狀語(yǔ)的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句(adverbial clause)．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“一……就……”的連詞：once, as soon as, barely/hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly其他表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)還有：every time, next time, the day 等。一些表時(shí)間的副詞和短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句．例:The day he returned home, his father was already dead. We shall have pleted the work by the time he ________ back next week. (2003/4)A. will e B. esC. is ing D. will have eBAs, when, while 雖然都表示時(shí)間，但是有區(qū)別的．As 多用于口語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“同一時(shí)間”或“一先一后”．例: I was going out, it began to rain.(as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生）2. As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.（在這里是“伴隨”的意思）When 強(qiáng)調(diào)特定時(shí)間例: he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell rang.While 也表示同一時(shí)間，但表示的不是一點(diǎn)，而是一段,所以位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞形式．例：While he was eating his breakfast, his friend came to visit him.注意 not…until… 正常結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、和until置于句首的用法。He didn’t go to sleep until he had finished his homework. （正常結(jié)構(gòu)）Not until he had finished his homework did he go to sleep. （倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）It was not until he had finished his homework that he went to sleep.（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）Until he had finished his homework he didn’t go to sleep. （until置于句首）原因狀語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)聯(lián)詞有because, as since 等．because, as ,since三者區(qū)別：because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，重在交待原因，以why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句只能because用來(lái)回答；其前可用only, just等詞強(qiáng)調(diào)；可用在 It is…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。如：You shouldn39。t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.as 一詞語(yǔ)氣最弱，表示明顯的原因。如：As she was in a hurry, she left her key in the car.since 表示人們已知的事實(shí)，所以常譯成“既然……”。如：Since everyone is here, let39。s get started.另外，for屬并列連詞，不能位于句首，是對(duì)前一分句加以解釋或說(shuō)明。如：It must have rained last night, for the yard is wet.與since相近