【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 金、涂、成分、軸承、碎石料動詞：用金屬包鍍、覆以金屬、用碎石鋪路面cast：鑄造、澆注、澆灌、熔煉、投射、籌劃、預測、安排、分類整理extrusion casting,liquid forging,forging casting 擠壓鑄造、液態(tài)鍛造、鑄鍛法等，但在實際的專業(yè)技術含義上，它們可以交叉對應。英語heavy一詞作為形容詞，它的基本詞義是沉重的、重型的、重的、大量的等。當與下列不同的名詞搭配使用時，按照漢語的搭配習慣，則應有不同的譯法，如:學習參考. . . . .heavy casting 厚大鑄件 heavy load 重載heavy machine 重型機械 heavy traffic 擁擠的交通heavy iron 鍍鋅薄板 heavy repair 大修heavy mill 大型軋鋼機 heavy fire 猛烈炮火heavy plant 重工業(yè)廠礦 heavy crops 豐收heavy scale 厚氧化皮 heavy storm 大風暴heavy oil 重柴油 heavy snow 大雪heavywire 粗導線 heavy po1ymer 高分子聚合物heavy current 強電流 heavy alloy 高密度合金burn away 燒失 burnon 粘砂bnin back 熔接 burned sand 枯砂burnedonsand 包砂 burn in 腐蝕burnoff 降碳 burningin 機械粘砂，辨明詞義light metal輕金屬 light casting薄小鑄件light光 light指引，確定詞義(1)greengreen hands新手(無經(jīng)驗的) green sand 潮模砂（潮濕的）green casting鑄態(tài)鑄件（未經(jīng)熱處理的）(2) power乘方、能力、電力、倍數(shù)，搭配詞義 ( 1) High silicon cast iron posseses high resistance to oxidation at high temperature.高硅鑄鐵具有很強的抗高溫氧化能力。 (2) A large pressure and a large current are needed to get a large amount of water power.為了獲得充足的水力，需要高的水壓和強的水流。，活用詞義( 1 ) The strength decreases as the temperature increases.強度隨溫度的升高而降低。(as引導時間狀語從句，譯為隨著)(2) Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller.原子雖小，但電子更小。(as引導讓步狀語從句，譯為雖然)三、詞義的引伸1技術性引伸 (1) The extent of decarburization in a white heart iron(白心可鍛鑄鐵) depends on manganese to sulphur ratio as well as on section thickness.白心可鍛鑄鐵脫碳的程度取決于錳硫比和斷面厚度。 (2) When high pouring temperatures are used to ensure satisfactory running(填充) of thin sections of castings the primary austenite tends to form long coarse dendrites.當使用高的澆注溫度以確保鑄件的薄斷面得到良好的充填時，初生奧氏體傾向于形成長而粗大的枝晶。 (3) Experience has shown that the application of mould coats are generally ineffective in eliminating rattail from the casting. 經(jīng)驗表明，應用鑄型涂料對消除鑄件上的鼠尾缺陷一般不起作用。This machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient in operation這臺機器的結(jié)構簡單，但工作效率很高。(此處design不宜譯為 設計) ( 1 ) The casting takes both the size and the shape of the mould.鑄件的體積和形狀隨鑄型而異。(若譯成 取得……的大小和形狀就十分生硬、晦澀了)( 2 ) Alloys belong to a halfway house between mixtures and pounds合金是介于混合物和化合物之間的一種中間結(jié)構。(house不能譯作 房子，而應結(jié)合上下文引伸為 結(jié)構)( 3 ) This new annealing furnace is a fuelefficient model這種新型退火爐是節(jié)油型退火爐。(fuelefficient model)原意為燃料有效模型)四、詞語的增譯 復數(shù)名詞前可增加適當?shù)谋硎緩蛿?shù)概念的詞，如一些、許多、一批、各種等詞，使其復數(shù)意義更加明確。例如:(1) After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained.經(jīng)一系列實驗后，查明了一些重要現(xiàn)象。(2) The first steel castings produced by full mold process went into use in 1978第一批用實型鑄造工藝生產(chǎn)的鑄鋼件于1978年投入使用。 在翻譯英語文獻時，常須根據(jù)上下文的意義來補充一些表示動作意義的名詞，如作用，現(xiàn)象、效應、方法、過程，等等。例如:(1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty氧化作用會使鋼鐵生銹。(2) Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance根據(jù)觀察到的結(jié)果進行修正和變換。 在句中列舉幾種情況后，即附以三個萬面、四個項目等詞，此即概括性詞。專業(yè)英語文獻中多無這類詞語，為使譯文符合漢語習慣，通常應增譯這類概括性詞。例如:( 1) Both Steel and cast iron have the structures of eutectoid, hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid.鋼和鑄鐵都有共析、亞共析和過共析這三種組織( 2 ) Ductile irons are manufactured by melting, inoculation, spheroidization and pouring.球墨鑄鐵是經(jīng)過熔化鐵水、孕育處理、球化處理和澆注等四道工序制造出來等的。(1) Metallic matrix posites became useful only in the late eighties.在80年代末期，金屬基復合材料才成為有用的東西。(2) The more plex the casting, the more difficult the alloy and more difficult the applicable specifications, the greater the financial benefit.鑄件結(jié)構越復雜，合金越難熔煉。使用的技術越復雜，那么經(jīng)濟效益就越大。This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem.這個問題實際上是屬于工藝設計方面而非操作方面的問題。五、詞語和成分的減譯(1) The direct arc furnace is particularly suitable for the production of high alloy irons.直接電弧爐特別適用于生產(chǎn)高合金鑄鐵。(前后二個定冠詞均減譯)(2) A protective flux is generally best applied as a low melting point liquid, which can easily and efficiently cover the molten metal surface.保護性熔劑一般最好以低熔點液體的形式使用，這使它易于有效地覆蓋金屬液表面。(二個不定冠詞和一個定冠詞均減譯)(3) The ease with which the two surfaces wet each other, and the position of the initial charge and the temperature will determine the carbon solubility in the iron.這兩個表面互相 潤濕的容易程度、初始爐料的化學成分以及溫度，將決定碳在鐵中的溶解度。(此句中共有七個定冠詞，其中六個可以減譯，但第二個不可減譯，這是因為根據(jù)上下文可知，它是特指iron和coke這兩種材料的表面)(1 ) The content of metal titanium in this alloy is %~ % by weight金屬鈦在這種合金中的重量百分比含量(質(zhì)量分數(shù))%%。(by減譯)(2) An increase in nodule number and improvements in nodule shape in heavy ductile iron castings can be affected by the addition of a small amount of antimony.通過添加少量的銻，可增加大斷面球鐵件中的石墨球數(shù)并改善石墨球的形態(tài)。(三個in均減譯，動詞affected也減譯)(3 ) The chemical symbol Fe stands for the iron atom with atomic weight of about .。(for和動詞to stand構成短語動詞，減譯)(1) Manganese goes into solid solution and then it forms a separate constituent.錳溶入固溶體，然后形成游離的組元。(連詞and減譯)(2 ) The use of mould coatings on the running system surfaces usually prevents erosion and should be considered essential.在澆注系統(tǒng)表面使用鑄型涂料通常能防止浸蝕，這應該被認為是必不可少的(工藝措施)(連詞and減譯)(1) Most of these alloys are covered by proprietary names and they are normally produced under licence from panies which have developed them.大多數(shù)這樣的合金都受到專利商標名的保護，通常在開發(fā)它們的公司的許可下進行生產(chǎn)。(此句中，人稱代詞they及其前面的連詞and都減譯了)(2) Manganese increases . but its effect is most noticeable in the first 1 % addition, above this it has little influence.錳增加極限抗拉強度，但其影響在頭一個 1%的添加量以內(nèi)最顯著，超過此值后影響就很小了。(減譯人稱代詞it)(3) It is possible to vary the fluidity and chemical reactivity of slags by adjusting their position. 通過調(diào)整化學成分，有可能改變?nèi)墼牧鲃有院突瘜W反應性。(物主代詞their減譯)(4 ) Like zinc, iron also converts itself into a vapor at high temperature像鋅一樣，鐵在高溫下也會變成蒸氣。(反身代詞itself減譯) (5) One ca