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金屬材料專業(yè)英語簡單介紹(編輯修改稿)

2025-02-02 15:59 本頁面
 

【文章內容簡介】 ystal Structure Rule : For appreciable solid solubility, the crystal structures of the two elements must be identical. ? HumeRothery Rule 3: Valency Rule : A metal will dissolve a metal of higher valency to a greater extent than one of lower valency. The solute and solvent atoms should typically have the same valence in order to achieve maximum solubility. ? HumeRothery Rule 4: The Electronegativity Rule : Electronegativity difference close to 0 gives maximum solubility. The more electropositive one element and the more electronegative the other, the greater is the likelihood that they will form an intermetallic pound instead of a substitutional solid solution. The solute and the solvent should lie relatively close in the electrochemical series. 21 休姆-羅瑟里( Hume- Rothery)規(guī)律 ( 1) 形成合金的元素原子半徑之差超過 14%~ 15% ,則固溶度極為有限;若尺寸差小于 15%, 尺寸因素成為次要的影響因素,固溶度由其他影響因素確定,這就是知名的 15% 規(guī)律。 ( 2) 如果合金組元的負電性相差很大,固溶度就極小; ( 3) 兩元素的固溶度與它們的原子價有關,高價元素在低價元素中的固溶度大于低價元素在高價元素中的固溶度; ( 4) Ⅱ B~ Ⅴ B族溶質元素在 Ⅰ B族溶劑元素中的固溶度都相同 (e/a=),與具體的元素種類無關; ( 5) 兩組元只有具有相同的晶體結構才能形成無限 (或連續(xù) )固溶體。 22 各式各樣的合金 磁 性 合 金 鎳鉻合金烤瓷牙 銅中間合金 23 金屬外殼 鋯石合金 銅烏合金 24 ? 1. Given that many of the pounds formed in alloys are size factor or electron pounds,these do not follow the rules of valency. ? 在合金中,許多化合物是按比例組合或是電子化合物,不能很好的遵循價鍵理論。 25 ? the chemical formula of an ionic pound , like NaCl or Al2O3 can be predicted easily from the pound?s position in the periodic table ,this is not the case for many intermetallic pounds. ? 換句話說,盡管像氯化鈉,氧化鋁的價鍵可以通過他們在元素周期表的位置進行預測,但卻不能解釋合金中金屬元素的成健方式。 26 ? ,knowing from their position in the periodic table that Na wants to from Na+ ions and chlorine wants to from Cl ions explans why an ionic pound with a formula NaCl is observed. 從元素周期表可以知道,鈉有變成鈉離子的趨勢,氯有變成氯離子的趨勢,這就解釋了氯化鈉的形成。 27 contrast,this dosen?t explain why a carbide with a formula Cr23C6 is formed in stainless steels. 然而,這卻解釋不了 Cr23C6在鋼鐵中的成健方式。 28 ? precipitation of Cr23C6 is a big
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