【正文】 ine table to a given height by means of a pneumatic ally operated piston and then allowing the table, box and pattern plate with sand to fall under its own weight to its original position, this process is repeated in rapid cycles, the distance traveled by the moulding machine table is known as the stroke of the machine.該緊實(shí)方法是這樣完成的:借助氣動(dòng)活塞將造型機(jī)工作臺(tái)提升到一個(gè)給定的高度，然后讓工作臺(tái)、砂箱和模板與型砂一起在其自重下降落到原來位置，這一過程以很快的周期重復(fù)，造型機(jī)工作臺(tái)移動(dòng)的距離稱為機(jī)器的沖程。 (倒譯法)Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always bined with other elements, most monly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.由于鋁總是和其他元素一一最常見的是氧(因?yàn)殇X和氧的親和力很強(qiáng))一化合在一起，所以在自然界任何地方都找不到游離態(tài)的鋁，因而直到19世紀(jì)鋁才為人們所知道。 (分譯法) Forging processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large number of identical forgings being produced.鍛造方法可分為單件生產(chǎn)和大批生產(chǎn)兩類：?jiǎn)渭a(chǎn)是生產(chǎn)少量的鍛件，大批生產(chǎn)則是生產(chǎn)大量相同的鍛件。 (綜合法)The final part of the paper highlights the areas for potential application of squeeze castings and emphasizes the need for information to facilitate design of suitable forming equipment for exploiting the potential of squeeze castings in a series of conditions as a means of producing various castings with enhanced property binations.文章的最后部分著重論述擠壓鑄造潛在的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，并強(qiáng)調(diào)指出：為了開發(fā)擠壓鑄造的潛力，需要獲得有關(guān)的資料，以便設(shè)計(jì)合適的成形設(shè)備，作為在一系列條件下生產(chǎn)各種具有優(yōu)異綜合性能鑄件的工具。十、特殊句型的譯法(1) Tensile strength is measured in MPa.抗拉強(qiáng)度以Mpa為單位度量。(譯為主動(dòng)態(tài))( 2 ) Metal aluminum itself had been known to man金屬鋁為人類所熟知。(譯為被動(dòng)態(tài))(3) The operational sequence is illustrated in 圖21闡明了操作順序。(譯為主動(dòng)態(tài))(4) 1420℃ is showed on the pyrometer.高溫計(jì)讀數(shù)為1420℃。(狀語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語)( 5 ) No steel can be melted without electric furnace沒有電爐就不能煉鋼。(譯成無主語句)(1)全部否定 1 ) None of these castings have shrinkage defects.這些鑄件都沒有縮孔缺陷。2) Neither of the pounds are intermetallic pound.兩種化合物都不是金屬間化合物3 ) None of these three factors should be neglected.這三個(gè)因素中一個(gè)也不應(yīng)當(dāng)忽視。(2)部分否定1) All eutectics do not grow to produce lamellar structures并非所有的共晶體都生長(zhǎng)成層片狀結(jié)構(gòu)。2 ) Not both of the instruments can serve the purpose這兩種儀器并不都適合這個(gè)用途。(3)雙重否定1 ) Metals do not melt until heated to a definite temperature.金屬要加熱到一定的溫度才能熔化。2 ) Variations outside the ranges given are not unlikely.變化超出規(guī)定的范圍并非不可能。(4)意義上的否定 1 ) This steel ingot is too large to be moved into the furnace這塊鋼錠太大，不能送進(jìn)爐內(nèi)2 ) The gating system of this casting is far from being plicated.這個(gè)鑄件的澆注系統(tǒng)一點(diǎn)也不復(fù)雜。3 ) The blast furnace can operate without being repairing for several months.高爐可以連續(xù)工作幾個(gè)月而無需修補(bǔ)。十一、數(shù)量的翻譯（見例子）英國(guó)制a thousand milliona billiona thousand billionten thousand billion大陸制a billiona trilliona quadrillionten quadrillion漢譯十億 (109)萬億(1012) (1015)京(1018)近日（2009331）的G20峰會(huì)的投資金額高達(dá)2兆美元，實(shí)際上應(yīng)該是指的是2*10^12 應(yīng)該是指的萬億，從現(xiàn)代漢語習(xí)慣中兆應(yīng)該指的是百萬數(shù)量級(jí)（million），而 G在電子產(chǎn)品中的數(shù)量級(jí)是1024M 應(yīng)該是十億級(jí)（billion）而T的數(shù)量級(jí)是1024G，應(yīng)該是萬億數(shù)量級(jí)，這樣也比較通用，讓人能明白、通用。10000000000000000，即一億億，一萬兆（古代兆）為1京tens 數(shù)十個(gè) hundreds 幾百個(gè)dozens 幾十 millions 千千萬萬、千百萬英語中表示倍數(shù)的增加常包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)，而漢語中常不包括基數(shù)，因而容易引起誤解。根據(jù)倍數(shù)是否減一，可以分為兩類:(1)倍數(shù)減一在increase by a factor of…句型和用double，treble等動(dòng)詞表示的倍數(shù)，翻譯時(shí)不包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)，將英語的倍數(shù)減一。如:1 ) The melting velocity of copper has increased by a factor of four times.銅的熔化速度增加了三倍。2) As the high voltage was abruptly trebled, all the electrotimer burnt.由于高壓突然增加了兩倍，所有的定時(shí)繼電器都燒壞了。(2)倍數(shù)不變?cè)趇ncrease by，倍數(shù)十more than，倍數(shù)十a(chǎn)s十形容或副詞十a(chǎn)s等句型中，翻譯時(shí)包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)，英語的倍數(shù)照譯不變。1) This year the output of wrought titanium alloy has increased by twice as pared with that of last year.今年鍛造鈦合金的產(chǎn)量比去年增加兩倍。2) The region of depletion is five to six times greater than the region of transition.耗盡層比過渡層大56倍。3)The tensile strength of ADI is 2 timers as large as that of ordinary ascast ductile iron.奧貝球鐵的抗拉強(qiáng)度是普通鑄態(tài)球鐵的二倍。4數(shù)量減少的譯法(1)用百分比或一般數(shù)詞表示 如reduce by 30%，decrease to 40，仍按原詞的數(shù)量翻譯，譯成減少30%、減少到40。1 ) The cost of the centrifugal castings was reduced by 30%.離心鑄件的成本降低了30%。2 ) Melting time of the new type electric furnace was decreased to 2 hours. 新型電爐的熔煉時(shí)間縮短為兩小時(shí)。 (2)用倍詞表示如reduce 7 times，應(yīng)譯成減少到七分之一，或減少了七分之六。The length of alloy furnace tube was reduced five times 合金爐管的長(zhǎng)度縮短了五分之四。(或:合金爐管的長(zhǎng)度縮短為原來的五分之一)5.每逢與每隔的譯法形容詞every與數(shù)詞相連時(shí)，表示每逢或每隔的意思。every three days = every third day每三天二每隔兩天二每逢第三天，注意在譯成每隔時(shí)，應(yīng)將原數(shù)詞減一。近似數(shù)量由含有上下、左右、多于、少于、以上、以下等概念的副詞、介詞、形容詞等與數(shù)詞相連而成的。常見的詞語有:over，above，more，than，under, below, less than, some, about, toward(s),nearly, from…to…，between…and…over two years 兩年以上twenty and odd days 20多天below eighty dollars 80美元以下under two hours 不到兩小時(shí)five to nine volts 59伏特英語中有許多數(shù)詞或含有數(shù)詞的短語具有獨(dú)特的含義，a hundred ( thousand ) and one 無數(shù)的，許多的by halves 不完全，不徹底fiftyfifty (half and half) 平均，各半first of all 首先，第一second to none 首屈一指，無可匹敵十二、專業(yè)術(shù)語的翻譯所謂意譯，就是根據(jù)原詞的實(shí)際含義譯成對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語術(shù)語。這種方法是公認(rèn)的翻譯科技術(shù)語的最基本的方法。它具有概念明確、易懂易記的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此只要有可能，應(yīng)盡量采用這種方法。gray iron 灰鑄鐵sand thrower 拋砂機(jī)polar crystal 極性晶體solid solution 固溶體spectroanalysis 光譜分析rare earth metal 稀土金屬ausformannealing 形變熱處理，奧氏體形變退火ternary eutectic 三元共晶recarburizer 增碳劑thermocouple 熱電偶selffeeding 自動(dòng)加料nobake sand 自硬砂antifriction alloy 減磨合金multimuller 雙碾盤混砂機(jī)當(dāng)由于某些原因而不便采用意譯法時(shí)，可采用音譯法或部分音譯法。(1)各種新材料、新發(fā)現(xiàn)的名稱一般采用音譯法。如:Muffler 馬弗爐Monel 蒙乃爾 (合金)shaw process 肖氏法 (陶瓷型法)Ainico 阿樂尼科鐵鎳鋁鉆合金Nylon 尼龍 Morphine 嗎啡Sonar 聲納(2)計(jì)量單位名稱一般用音譯，有些還可進(jìn)一步簡(jiǎn)化。Ohm 歐姆 (電阻單位)一歐Hertz 赫茲 (頻率單位)一赫