【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。 （錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is not useful now. （對(duì)）Whatever you say is not useful now. 你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。 (Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句) （錯(cuò)）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given, （對(duì)）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.　囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)是指在句子中用來(lái)修飾名詞、代詞的成分定語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語(yǔ)的句子，定語(yǔ)從句要放在所修飾的詞后如：I have met the doctor who is in the hospital.定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞：：who、which、whom、whose、that ：when、where、why選用連接詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞(定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞)一、連接代詞的選用： 指人，先行詞為人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，先行詞為人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷浴r. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。 指物，先行詞為物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。The number of the people that/who e to visit the city each year rises one million.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ),譯成 ...的He has a friend whose father is a doctor.指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?介詞+連接代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句連接代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),從句常由介詞+連接代詞引導(dǎo)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous.注意：1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在連接代詞前，連接代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；連接代詞是所有格時(shí)用whoseThe man with whom you talked is my friend. The plane in which we flew to Canada is very fortable. (T)3. “介詞+連接代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities二、連接副詞的選用：1. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Shanghai is the city where I was born. 3. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.三、判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的方法: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)例1. Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ))四、介詞+連接詞用法說(shuō)明1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.　This is the house where I lived two years ago.　Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?　Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late.五．限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例： china is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例： his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同 his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥） his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個(gè)哥哥）關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1．a(chǎn)s和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) he married her, as/which was natural.(2) he was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思as is known to all, china is a developing countr