【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 warning, we must have got into great trouble. You know we’re friends.（2）without+名詞表示虛擬條件Without the air to hold some of the sun39。s heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.（3）動(dòng)詞不定式表示虛擬條件It would be only partly right to follow in this way.（如果用這種方式，僅僅對(duì)了一半。）（4）現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.（要是及時(shí)得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場(chǎng)事故。）（5）過(guò)去分詞表示虛擬條件Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.（如果多留心的話，這樹(shù)本來(lái)可以長(zhǎng)的更好。）（7） 副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you.（我當(dāng)時(shí)太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。）（8）連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件He would bee fatter but he eats too little. 其它狀語(yǔ)從句：（1） as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。①與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反He talks as if he knew where she was．②與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.③與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反He opened his mouth as if he would say something.注意：當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It sounds as if it is raining．聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk．從他談話的樣子來(lái)看他是醉了。（2）in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do。Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.賓語(yǔ)從句：（1）demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動(dòng)詞為should+ do。He suggested that we not change our mind.（2）wish后的從句中分別用過(guò)去式，過(guò)去完成式和should/would+ do表示與現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反。I wish I could be a pop singer.I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.主語(yǔ)從句在It is necessary / important / strange that…It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+ do。It is strange that such a person should be our friends.其它句型中（1）It is time that…句型中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should+ doIt’s high time that we left/should leave.（2）would rather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.（3）If only句型中動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望If only our dream had e true!七、句子種類(lèi)句子種類(lèi)是比較簡(jiǎn)單，考試也不會(huì)特殊單獨(dú)考到，在這里寫(xiě)下主要是因?yàn)樗钦Z(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，有助于接下來(lái)高級(jí)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)，所以簡(jiǎn)單理解清楚即可。感嘆句：（1）what + 名詞What a fine day it is! （多好的天氣呀!）（2）how + 形容詞或副詞How hard they are working! （他們工作多努力呀?。?）how +句子How time flies! （時(shí)間過(guò)得多么快呀!）（4）How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+nHow nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! （多好的孩子啊!）簡(jiǎn)單句：（1）主+謂They disappeared. （他們消失了。）（2）主+謂+賓He likes swimming.（他喜歡游泳。）（3）主+謂+間接賓+直接賓I told my friend the good news. （我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。）（4）主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)They named the boy Jack. （他們給孩子起名叫杰克。）（5）主+系+表She is a university student. （她是一名大學(xué)生。）并列句：（1）并列關(guān)系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but。Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.（要么你來(lái)做，要么我請(qǐng)其他人來(lái)做。）NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.（湯姆和杰克都沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。）Notcouldn’ttheypletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.（不是他們完不成任務(wù)，而是任務(wù)太重了。）（2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,while（而，盡管），nevertheless(然而；不過(guò))。Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidn’tplayityesterday.（約翰喜歡打籃球，但他昨天沒(méi)打。）（3）選擇關(guān)系or, otherwise or else, either…or。We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. （我們必須快點(diǎn)，否則會(huì)趕不上火車(chē)。） Either you e to my place or I go to yours. （或者你到我這兒來(lái)，或者我到你那去。）（4）因果關(guān)系for, so, thus, therefore, and so。We had better stay at home, for it was raining. （我們最好呆在家里，因?yàn)樘煺谙掠?。）He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.（他學(xué)習(xí)不努力，因此這次考試不及格。）復(fù)合句：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體，從句是全句的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立。從句有：（1）名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）；（2）狀語(yǔ)從句；（3）定語(yǔ)從句。八、名詞性從句名詞性從句是一個(gè)考試點(diǎn)，做題時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到，但是高中語(yǔ)法階段不需要做太難的深究，只要弄清楚詳細(xì)的小知識(shí)點(diǎn)用于選擇、填空等即可，比如that\whether\if\which\what等的應(yīng)用環(huán)境與辨別。主語(yǔ)從句：（1）連詞：that（that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不可省去），Whether（主語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether不可用if）。That he will e and help you is certain.（他來(lái)幫助你是確實(shí)無(wú)疑的。）Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. （月球上有沒(méi)有生命是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。）（2）連接代詞：who，what，which，whatever。What he wants to tell us is not clear. （他要跟我們說(shuō)什么，還不清楚。）Who will win the match is still unknown. （誰(shuí)能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。）（3）連接副詞：when，where，why，how。It is known to us how he became a writer. （我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。）Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. （英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒(méi)有宣布。）注：主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，句子常顯得笨重，因此一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引導(dǎo)詞“it”來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句：（1）陳述：that（that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可?。?。I believe(that) he is honest. （我相信他是忠誠(chéng)的。）（2）疑問(wèn)：if，whether（whether常與or not連用，不能用if代替；作介詞賓語(yǔ)要用whether不能用if；從句是否定句時(shí)一般用if引導(dǎo)）。I wonder whether he will e or not. （我想知道他來(lái)還是不來(lái)。）Everything depends on whether we have enough money. （一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢(qián)。）I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. （我不知道它是否有意思。）He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.（他不在乎天氣是否好。）（3）特殊疑問(wèn)意義：who, whom,which,whose,what, when,where,why,how,whoever, whatever, whichever（賓語(yǔ)從句作及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)也可做介詞的賓語(yǔ)）。Please tell me what you want.（請(qǐng)告訴我你需要什么？）She always thinks of how she can work well. （她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。）She will give whoever needs help a warm support.（凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。）（4）如果賓語(yǔ)從句后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，將從句后置。We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. （我們必須認(rèn)清無(wú)論誰(shuí)違反了法律都要受到懲罰。）（5）think,believe,imagine,suppose等動(dòng)詞引出的賓語(yǔ)從句，要將從句中的否定形式，移到主句中。We don’t think you are right. （我們認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。）I don’t believe he will do so. （我相信他不會(huì)這樣做的。）表語(yǔ)從句：（1）連詞：that，whether，as if（在非正式的文體中that可以省去）。The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. （問(wèn)題是他們不能很早到達(dá)這里。）It looks as if it’s going to rain.（看起來(lái)天要下雨。）（2）連接代詞：who，what，which。That’s just what I want. （這正是我想要的。）The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. （問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)（你們哪一位）接著發(fā)言。）（3）連接副詞：when，where，why，how（表語(yǔ)從句位于主句系動(dòng)詞之后）。This is where our problem lies.（這就是我們的問(wèn)題所在。）That is why he didn’t e to the meeting. （那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。）同位語(yǔ)從句：由連詞that引導(dǎo)，不擔(dān)任成分，也可有when, how, where等引導(dǎo)（同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容，常用的名詞如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought, question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等）