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,用被動(dòng)式可視為其后省略了by sb):There is nothing to do. 無(wú)事可做。(含有無(wú)聊之意)There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指沒(méi)有辦法了)There is nothing to see. 沒(méi)什么可看的。(即不值一看)There is nothing to be seen. 沒(méi)看見(jiàn)什么。(指沒(méi)東西看)(6) 涉及副詞enough和too的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,若句子主語(yǔ)與其后不定式為to do sth被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則該不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(但也可直接用被動(dòng)式):The writing is too faint to read [to be read]. 這筆跡太模糊,看不清。These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 這些箱子不夠牢,不能用作站臺(tái)。但在某些特別強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)意義的語(yǔ)境中,可能用被動(dòng)式更恰當(dāng):He spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他說(shuō)話的聲音太低,聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)。 (7) be worth后的動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng):In all, the book is worth reading. 總之,這本書值得一讀。This might be worth thinking about. 這可能值得考慮?!咀ⅰ颗cworth相似的worthy卻不一樣,其后不接動(dòng)名詞而接不定式(若接動(dòng)名詞則其前應(yīng)有介詞of),且要用被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義:This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 這本書值得一讀。(8) 在need, want, require等少數(shù)表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義:The plants want watering every day. 這些花草得天天澆水?!咀ⅰ竣?以上結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)名詞改用不定式則要用被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義:This sentence needs explaining [to be explained]. 這個(gè)句子需要解釋。② 它們后接名詞時(shí)也可表示被動(dòng)意義:It needs no explanation. 它無(wú)需解釋。This plan requires careful consideration. 這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃需要仔細(xì)考慮。三、介詞短語(yǔ)用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的六種情形(1) “beyond+名詞”:The rumor is beyond belief. 這謠言難以置信?!咀ⅰ窟@類表達(dá)中的名詞前通常沒(méi)有冠詞,且該名詞一般都具有動(dòng)作意義,類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有beyond pare(無(wú)可比擬),beyond description(難以形容),beyond (all) doubt(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)),beyond expression(無(wú)法形容),beyond suspicion(無(wú)可懷疑),等。(2) “in+名詞”短語(yǔ):When was paper money in use in China? 中國(guó)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始使用紙幣?【注】這類表達(dá)中的名詞前通常沒(méi)有冠詞,且該名詞一般都具有動(dòng)作意義,類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有 in action(在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)),in sight(看得見(jiàn)),in (good) repair(維修良好的),in store(貯藏著)等。(3) “in course of+名詞”短語(yǔ):The new railway is in course of construction. 新鐵路正在興建當(dāng)中。The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的貨正在運(yùn)輸途中。【注】有些類似的短語(yǔ)有the表被動(dòng),無(wú)the表主動(dòng):in char