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en to walk into the building. 5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組,如“動(dòng)詞+介詞”,“動(dòng)詞+副詞”等,也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體,不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略?! ±齌he meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) ?! ±齀 don39。t like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不僅要知道被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?! ?. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by 短語(yǔ))?! ±?My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者?! ±?I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 為了更好地安排句子?! ±齌he wellknown person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了)三、 It is said that+從句及其他類(lèi)似句型 一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”或“主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+to do sth.”。有: It is said that… 據(jù)說(shuō),It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道,It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…眾所周知,It is thought that…大家認(rèn)為,It is suggested that…據(jù)建議。 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí),常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物?! ±?This kind of cloth washes well. 注意:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。 試比較:The door won39。t lock. (指門(mén)本身有毛?。 he door won39。t be locked. (指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門(mén), 指“門(mén)沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因) 2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ),如:happen, last, take place, break out, e out, e about, e true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?! ±?How do the newspapers e out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢? 3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?! ?例Your reason sounds reasonable五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 ?! ?. 在need,want,require, bear等詞的后面,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式?! ±齌he house needs repairing(to be repaired).這房子需要修理?! ?. 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式?! ±齌he picturebook is well worth reading.(=The picturebook is very worthy to be read.) 3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ),不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do與things是動(dòng)