【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 er questions, we’ll stop here today. (there being…做原因狀語)(3)引導(dǎo)主語用for there to be。如：It is unusual for there to be no late ers today.(4)做除for外的介詞賓語，用there being。如：He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought.六、虛擬語氣(1)掌握主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的規(guī)范搭配:主句從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式+dowere (不分人稱)/did與過去事實(shí)相反would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式+have donehad done與將來事實(shí)相反would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式+doshould do / were to do如：If the doctor had been available, the child could not have died.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.(2)區(qū)分主從句表示的不同時(shí)間概念：主從句謂語動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間不同，這叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來調(diào)整。如：Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our pany would not be so thriving as it is.(主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反)Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.(主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反)(3)識(shí)別事實(shí)和假設(shè)混合句：Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.(句子前半部分為假設(shè)情況，而“父母病了”是事實(shí))I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分為假設(shè)，后半部分是事實(shí))名詞性從句是指賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞需用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬?？忌鷳?yīng)熟悉：(1)下列動(dòng)詞做謂語時(shí)，that賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：desire, advise, remend, mand, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urge, vote。如：I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.(2)下列形容詞和分詞做表語或補(bǔ)語時(shí)，that主語從句中動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, pulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, manded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, remended, requested, required, suggested。如：The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away.It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.七、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式的用法有兩方面的含義：(1)must have +過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測(cè)，譯為“(昨天)一定……”。如：My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”(2)can’t/couldn’t have +過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的否定推測(cè)，譯為“(昨天)一定沒……”。 如：Mary couldn’t have received my letter。 otherwise she would have replied before now.(3)may/might have +過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測(cè)，或事實(shí)上根本沒發(fā)生，譯為“也許……”。如：At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.(1)needn’t have+過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，譯為“其實(shí)沒必要……”。如：As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally.(2)should /should not have +過去分詞，表示應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上未做，或本不應(yīng)該做但實(shí)際上做了, 譯為“本(不)應(yīng)該……”。如：I regret having left the work unfinished。 I should have planned everything ahead carefully.(3)ought to have+過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作按理該發(fā)生了，但實(shí)際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該……”，與should的完成式含義類似。如：The porter ought to have called the firebrigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.(4)could have+過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。如：What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.(5)may/might have + 過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實(shí)際未做，譯為“(那樣)也許會(huì)……”。如：It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist firsttime office automation managers.(1)may/might (just) as well“不妨，最好”，與had better相近。如：Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.(2)cannot/can’t…too… “越……越好，怎么也不過分”。注意這個(gè)句型的變體cannot…over…。如：You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be overemphasized.(3)usedn’t或didn’t use to為used to (do)的否定式。(4)should 除了“應(yīng)該”一層意思外，大綱還規(guī)定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that.八、形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)形容詞在句中做定語、表語和主語。考生應(yīng)注意：(1)以 “a” 開頭的形容詞如alone, alike, asleep, awake等不能做前置定語，可做表語或后置定語。(2)某些以副詞詞綴 “l(fā)y” 結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，如friendly, leisurely, lovely等。(3)下列動(dòng)詞既是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又是系動(dòng)詞，注意用做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要求形容詞做表語：remain, keep, bee, get, grow, go, e, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。，考生應(yīng)把握(1)形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的形式是否和比較連詞對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn)，即是否符合原級(jí)比較及比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performance.On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.(2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念。如：The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half that of last year’s.Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.(3)比較級(jí)的修飾語如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather，還有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞等，他們的位置是：修飾語+as…as…, 或修飾語+more…than…。如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?” “No, I would gladly have paid twice as much fo