【正文】 1)現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動(dòng)意義。在概念上應(yīng)清楚：● 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行?？忌绕湟R(shí)別下列短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)：object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be mitted to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, e close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。牢記下列要求接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：I am only too pleased to hear from you further. 能再聽(tīng)到你的消息，我太高興了。常見(jiàn)的不定式動(dòng)詞有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。(2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to結(jié)構(gòu)做程度狀語(yǔ)。如：Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.不定式做狀語(yǔ)主要表示目的、程度、結(jié)果、方式?！皩?duì)……的好奇心”→be curious to do“對(duì)……好奇”ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……”According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.(4)表示方式、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等名詞用不定式做定語(yǔ)，這些名詞包括：way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (運(yùn)動(dòng))，effort等。curiosity to do (3)如果其形容詞形式要求接不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。 (2)如果其動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)，相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如：the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一個(gè)登上月球的女性如： be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.掌握要求接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。 (2)不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：掌握常用不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句型。It’s clever of you to have invented such a device. (1)引導(dǎo)邏輯主語(yǔ)的介詞：不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般由介詞for引導(dǎo),但下列表示人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語(yǔ)時(shí), 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)則由of引導(dǎo)：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。二、不定式時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)答題思路：。It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. (4)在It is the +序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+that的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is four years since John left school. (3)by now、since +過(guò)去時(shí)間、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具體數(shù)字)years/days/months，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 但在it is +具體時(shí)間since/before這一句型中，主句更多的時(shí)候不用完成時(shí)。如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we e back next year. (1)by/between/up to/till +過(guò)去時(shí)間、since、by the time/when +表示過(guò)去發(fā)生情況的從句，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 (2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)，注意與完成時(shí)連用的句型和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：比較：I’ll tell him when you ring again. (狀語(yǔ)從句) (1)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但要注意區(qū)別從句的類(lèi)型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. (賓語(yǔ)從句)：一、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年時(shí)已發(fā)生的情況) (2)by +將來(lái)時(shí)間、by the time/ when +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句，主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed pletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.如： (5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：The pany has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened. (1)先根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的區(qū)別點(diǎn)確定考題要點(diǎn)為時(shí)態(tài)，然后回到題句中尋找給出的或暗示的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，縮小選擇范圍，進(jìn)而選出正確答案； (2)根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子主語(yǔ)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，確定句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.注意不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，并采用相應(yīng)形式。如：Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room. (1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定詞時(shí)，該名詞用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如：tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to doThis book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.如：ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……”如：I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.We appreciate your efforts to bring about a prehensive solution to the existing problem.(5)不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)，so as to不能置于句首。如：The solution works only for couples who are selfemployed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together.The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few