【正文】 a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.(2)no/not any more…than…兩者一樣都不……The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.如不能說：John runs faster than 。the other +復數(shù)名詞比較級形式表示最高級意義時，比較對象的范圍應用：any other +單數(shù)名詞如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?” “No, I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.”(4)下列詞和短語不用比較級形式卻表示比較概念：inferior，minor，senior，prior，prefer to，superior，major，junior，preferable，differ from，pared with，in parison with，different from，rather than。如：Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performance.On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.(2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念。(2)某些以副詞詞綴 “l(fā)y” 結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，如friendly, leisurely, lovely等。形容詞在句中做定語、表語和主語。(4)should 除了“應該”一層意思外，大綱還規(guī)定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。注意這個句型的變體cannot…over…。(1)may/might (just) as well“不妨，最好”，與had better相近。如：What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.(5)may/might have + 過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實際未做，譯為“(那樣)也許會……”。 I should have planned everything ahead carefully.(3)ought to have+過去分詞，表示動作按理該發(fā)生了，但實際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該……”，與should的完成式含義類似。如：As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally.(2)should /should not have +過去分詞，表示應該做某事但實際上未做，或本不應該做但實際上做了, 譯為“本(不)應該……”。如：At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician. 如：Mary couldn’t have received my letter。(1)must have +過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測，譯為“(昨天)一定……”。如：I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.(2)下列形容詞和分詞做表語或補語時，that主語從句中動詞用虛擬形式：advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, pulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, manded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, remended, requested, required, suggested?？忌鷳煜ぃ好~性從句是指賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。如：Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our pany would not be so thriving as it is.(主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句與過去事實相反)Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.(主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句與過去事實相反)(3)識別事實和假設混合句：Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.(句子前半部分為假設情況，而“父母病了”是事實)would/情態(tài)動詞過去式+dowould/情態(tài)動詞過去式+have donewould/情態(tài)動詞過去式+do主句(1)掌握主從句謂語動詞的規(guī)范搭配:如：It is unusual for there to be no late ers today.(4)做除for外的介詞賓語，用there being。如：The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(expect要求接不定式做賓語)(2)做目的狀語或程度狀語時用for there to be，做其他狀語用there being。 beThere is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth.句型：be busy/active doing sth.如：Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.cannot but do句型：cannot help but dostop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(對將要做的事)遺憾go on doing繼續(xù)(做原來的事)propose doing建議(做某事)forget to do忘記(要做的事)propose to do但在意思上有區(qū)別的動詞的用法mean to do想要(做某事)分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只是句子的一個部分。Ford tried dividing the labor, each worker assigned a separate task.如：The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.(5)表示補充說明(同位)，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members.There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.(3)表示伴隨、方式，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。(plete先于start之前發(fā)生)如：Having pleted one task, we started on another one.注意區(qū)分分詞的一般式與完成式a faded curtain褪了色的窗簾a retired worker退休工人(相當于…description which was based on…)(3)下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義：deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grownup, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, muchtravelled, newly arrived, recently e。(相當于…each new phone which is added to…)The author gave a detailed description based on his personal observation of nature.(相當于…recapture of the port which had been announced…)Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system, so does the value of a puter system increase with each program that turns out.如：Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.分詞短語做定語相當于省略了的定語從句，考生應掌握：(