【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作，常用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，多和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如since, so far, for a year, in recent years 等連用。 ，用于時(shí)間，條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中。I‘ ll go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 4. “ This/ It is the first/ second time that…..”句型中， 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the third time they haven’t e for the rubbish.(九) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)，常于by, before 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He had been in this college for five years before I came to study.By the end of last month we had learned 2,000 English words. 2. 在 no sooner… than, hardly, when 等句型中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。No sooner had I entered the classroom when the bell rung.。The doctor said the patient would sleep deeply for about twelve hours until the poison had stopped doing its harm.4. think, hope, intend, mean, expect, want, plan等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的愿望，打算，計(jì)劃等沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)。 I had hoped to visit him, but I was too busy.這類動(dòng)詞和不定式連用時(shí)可以改為“過(guò)去式+不定式的完成式”。I hoped to have visited him, but I was too busy. (十) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去的 動(dòng)作，常與 for, since 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I have been working at the factory for nearly twenty years. 語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，稱為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，稱為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般形式（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)）經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在填空題中，較復(fù)雜的如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則多出現(xiàn)在選擇題中。考試中常見(jiàn)句型：（1） be + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞（2） be +being + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí))（3） have /had + been + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞典型考題：1. These pills should (keep) ________out of the reach of children.2. When he arrived at the hospital, he asked worriedly who was ______ (operate) on. 3. The house with the furniture (buy) ______ for $50,000 last year. new hospital (build) ________ in our hometown now.5. If the medicine (take) ______ in time, it will be quite effective. KEY: kept 2 being operated 3 was bought 4 is being built 5 is taken虛擬語(yǔ)氣是每次必考的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)《基本要求》的規(guī)定，大家必須掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：1．條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反： 從句 If + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 （be were） 主句 主語(yǔ)+ should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 （2）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反： 從句 if+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主句 主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+ have+過(guò)去分詞 (3)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反： 從句 If+主語(yǔ)+were to +動(dòng)詞原形 / if+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形主句 省略+ should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 當(dāng)條件句中出現(xiàn)were, should, had 等時(shí)，可以將If省略，把were, should, had 放在主語(yǔ)前面。3．固定句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （1）demand, suggest, advise, propose 等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中； （2）It +be+ suggested/ demanded+ that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中； （3）It is +important/ necessary+ that從句中； （4）suggestion, proposal 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句中； （5）lest（以防）， for fear that(惟恐)， in case（以防）引導(dǎo)的從句中； 這些從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可以省略。 （6） as if as though wish + 從句時(shí)，如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；如果表示 would rather 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 if only （7）It’s high/ about time +從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用過(guò)去時(shí)。 （8）介詞短語(yǔ)可相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，比如 without, but, but for, otherwise, 等。主句+would do(表對(duì)現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)的虛擬) 主句+would have done（表對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬）典型考題：1. It‘s high time we ________ something to stop road accidents.A .did B .are doing C .will do D .do2. I didn’t see your boss at the meeting. If he (e) __________, I would have told him the news. 3. It is advised that we (sign) __________ an agreement right after the discussion. 4. I suggested that he (refuse) __________ the offer proposed by that pany. 5. He talked as if he (do) ___________ all the work himself, hut in fact Tom and