基于單片機(jī)的汽車(chē)倒車(chē)防撞系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與制作畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告(編輯修改稿)
2025-04-21 12:44 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 斷服務(wù)子程序，在INT0中斷服務(wù)子程序中將停止定時(shí)器T0計(jì)時(shí)，讀取定時(shí)器T0時(shí)間值到相應(yīng)的存儲(chǔ)區(qū)，同時(shí)設(shè)置接收成功標(biāo)志；主程序一旦檢測(cè)到接收成功標(biāo)志，將調(diào)用測(cè)溫子程序，采集超聲波測(cè)距時(shí)的環(huán)境溫度，并換算出準(zhǔn)確的聲速，存儲(chǔ)到RAM存儲(chǔ)單元中；單片機(jī)再調(diào)用距離計(jì)算子程序進(jìn)行計(jì)算，計(jì)算出傳感器到目標(biāo)物體之間的距離；此后主程序調(diào)用顯示子程序進(jìn)行顯示；當(dāng)一次發(fā)射、接收、顯示的過(guò)程完成后，系統(tǒng)將延遲100ms重新讓T1置初值，再次啟動(dòng)T1以溢出，進(jìn)入下一次測(cè)距。如果由于障礙物過(guò)遠(yuǎn)，超出量程，以致在T0溢出時(shí)尚未接收到回波，則顯示“ERROR”重新回到主流程進(jìn)入新一輪測(cè)試。五、結(jié)論對(duì)所要求測(cè)量范圍30cm~200cm內(nèi)的平面物體做了多次測(cè)量發(fā)現(xiàn)，且重復(fù)性好。可見(jiàn)基于單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)具有硬件結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、測(cè)量誤差小等特點(diǎn)。因此，它不僅可用于移動(dòng)機(jī)器人，還可用在其它檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)中。思考：至于為什么接收不用晶體管做放大電路呢，因?yàn)榉糯蟊稊?shù)搞不好，CX20106集成放大電路，還帶自動(dòng)電平增益控制，放大倍數(shù)為76dB，中心頻率是38k到40k，剛好是超聲波傳感器的諧振頻率 。 附件2：外文原文（復(fù)印件）Ultrasonic distance meterDocument Type and Number:United States Patent 5442592 Abstract:An ultrasonic distance meter cancels out the effects of temperature and humidity variations by including a measuring unit and a reference unit. In each of the units, a repetitive series of pulses is generated, each having a repetition rate directly related to the respective distance between an electroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The pulse trains are provided to respective counters, and the ratio of the counter outputs is utilized to determine the distance being measured. Publication Date:08/15/1995 Primary Examiner:Lobo, Ian J. OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to apparatus for the measurement of distance and, more particularly, to such apparatus which transmits ultrasonic waves between two points. Precision machine tools must be calibrated. In the past, this has been acplished utilizing mechanical devices such as calipers, micrometers, and the like. However, the use of such devices does not readily lend itself to automation techniques. It is known that the distance between two points can be determined by measuring the propagation time of a wave travelling between those two points. One such type of wave is an ultrasonic, or acoustic, wave. When an ultrasonic wave travels between two points, the distance between the two points can be measured by multiplying the transit time of the wave by the wave velocity in the medium separating the two points. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide apparatus utilizing ultrasonic waves to accurately measure the distance between two points. When the medium between the two points whose spacing is being measured is air, the sound velocity is dependent upon the temperature and humidity of the air. It is therefore a further object of the,present invention to provide apparatus of the type described which is independent of temperature and humidity variations. OF THE INVENTION The foregoing and additional objects are attained in accordance with the principles of this invention by providing distance measuring apparatus which includes a reference unit and a measuring unit. The reference and measuring units are the same and each includes an electroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The spacing between the transmitter and the receiver of the reference unit is a fixed reference distance, whereas the spacing between the transmitter and receiver of the measuring unit is the distance to be measured. In each of the units, the transmitter and receiver are coupled by a feedback loop which causes the transmitter to generate an acoustic pulse which is received by the receiver and converted into an electrical pulse which is then fed back to the transmitter, so that a repetitive series of pulses results. The repetition rate of the pulses is inversely related to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. In each of the units, the pulses are provided to a counter. Since the reference distance is known, the ratio of the counter outputs is utilized to determine the desired distance to be measured. Since both counts are identically influenced by temperature and humidity variations, by taking the ratio of the counts, the resultant measurement bees insensitive to such variations. DESCRIPTION of ultrasonic distance measurement 1, the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic generator Piezoelectric ultrasonic generator is the use of piezoelectric crystal resonators to work. Ultrasonic generator, the internal structure as shown in Figure 1, it has two piezoelectric chip and a resonance plate. When it39。s two plus pulse signal, the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip, the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance, and promote the development of plate vibration resonance, ultrasound is generated. Conversely, if the two are not interelectrode voltage, when the board received ultrasonic resonance, it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it bees the ultrasonic receiver. The traditional way to determine the moment of the echo39。s arriva
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