【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 甩起牛鞭，因此被形象地稱為牛鞭效應?？梢詫⑻幱谏嫌蔚墓奖茸魃也浚掠蔚挠脩舯茸鞲浚坏└慷秳?，傳遞到末梢端就會出現(xiàn)很大的波動。 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall 惠普公司在一個主要零售商那里檢查打印機銷售情況時發(fā)現(xiàn)這個零售商的銷售隨著時間波動，而當他們檢查這個零售商的訂單時發(fā)現(xiàn)訂單的波動幅度比其銷售的波動幅度還要大。更讓他們吃驚的是，公司打印機生產(chǎn)部向物料供應部提供的訂單的波動比前兩者的波動都大。這就是所謂的“牛鞭”效應。 “牛鞭”效應產(chǎn)生的原因是需求信息在沿著供應鏈向上傳遞的過程中被不斷曲解。企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品配送成為被零售商所夸大的訂單的犧牲品；反過來它又進一步夸大了對供應商的訂單。 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall 供應鏈管理 ? 用信息代替庫存，追求成本的最小化、顧客需求響應時間最小、顧客滿意度最大。 ? 供應鏈管理強調(diào)的是要在合適的條件下，在合適的時間，合適的地點，以合適的價格給顧客提供合適的產(chǎn)品 . 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Supply Chain Management Applications ? Supply chain planning systems ? Model existing supply chain ? Demand planning ? Optimize sourcing, manufacturing plans ? Establish inventory levels ? Identifying transportation modes ? Supply chain execution systems ? Manage flow of products through distribution centers and warehouses Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 8 Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications Supply Chain Management Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Global Supply Chains and the Inter ? Before Inter, supply chain coordination hampered by difficulties of using disparate internal supply chain systems ? Enterprise systems supply some integration of internal supply chain processes but not designed to deal with external supply chain processes ? Intras and Extras ? Intras: To improve coordination among internal supply chain processes ? Extras: To coordinate supply chain processes shared with their business partners Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 8 Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications Supply Chain Management Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 8 Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications Intras and Extras for Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Systems Figure 84 Intras integrate information from isolated business processes within the firm to help manage its internal supply chain. Access to these private intras can also be extended to authorized suppliers, distributors, logistics services, and, sometimes, to retail customers to improve coordination of external supply chain processes. 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Global Supply Chains and the Inter ? Global supply chain issues ? Global supply chains typically span greater geographic distances and time differences ? More plex pricing issues (local taxes, transportation, etc.) ? Foreign government regulations ? Inter helps panies manage many aspects of global supply chains ? Sourcing, transportation, munications, international finance Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 8 Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications Supply Chain Management Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Global Supply Chains and the Inter ? Supply chain management systems ? Pushbased model (buildtostock) ? Schedules based on best guesses of demand ? Pullbased model (demanddriven) ? Customer orders trigger events in supply chain ? Sequential supply chains ? Information and materials flow sequentially from pany to pany ? Concurrent supply chains ? Information flows in many directions simultaneously among members of a supply chain work Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 8 Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications Supply Chain Management Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Push Versus PullBased Supply Chain Models Figure 85 The difference between push and pullbased models is summarized by the slogan “Make what we sell, not sell what we make.” Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 8 Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications Supply Chain Management Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? Match supply to demand ? Reduce inventory levels ? Improve delivery service ? Speed product time to market ? Use assets more effectively ? Reduced supply chain costs lead to increased profitability ? Increased sales Business Value of Supply Chain Management Systems Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 8 Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise App