[法學(xué)]國(guó)際法的承認(rèn)與繼承課件(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-15 13:52 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 lating their conduct, and are willing to, and do, observe almost all principles of international law. The characters of International Law The difference between international and domestic law Subjects Enactive mechanism Enforcer Domestic law Natural person Legal person And so on Legislative anization Judicial anization Administrative Organization Police Army International law Nationstates, International anizations and with other political entities Nationstates, International anizations and with other political entities Nationstates, International anizations and with other political entities The characters of International Law ? First: states are the main subjects of international law, in addition, there are international anizations and other political entities with international personality.. ? 第一，國(guó)際法的主體主要是國(guó)家，此外，還有政府間國(guó)際組織，特別是世界性的國(guó)際組織（如聯(lián)合國(guó)）。 ? Second: international law regulates the international relations, especially the relations of sovereign states.. ? 第二，國(guó)際法的調(diào)整對(duì)象是國(guó)際關(guān)系，主要是主權(quán)國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系。 ? Third: there is no legislative anization in the world munity。 international law can be created by its own subjects, primarily the independent states, for their own purposes. ? 第三，國(guó)際法的制定主要是通過(guò)國(guó)家之間的協(xié)議來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，國(guó)際社會(huì)沒(méi)有專門的立法機(jī)關(guān)。 (例如第三次聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法會(huì)議制定了 《 聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約 》 ，又例如通過(guò)專門的外交會(huì)議制定了 《 維也納外交關(guān)系公約 》 。 ) ? Forth: although, there is no judicial anization and administrative anization on the international plane, international law can be applied by its own subjects. States themselves may take selfhelp measures, either through diplomatic means or through the use of force in selfdefense, to enjoy their rights and enforce their obligations.. ? 第四，在強(qiáng)制實(shí)施方面，國(guó)際法也與國(guó)內(nèi)法不同。 (在國(guó)內(nèi)，國(guó)家有強(qiáng)大的執(zhí)法手段，如法院、警察、軍隊(duì)、監(jiān)獄等，保證國(guó)內(nèi)法的實(shí)施。 )而國(guó)際法則沒(méi)有這樣居于國(guó)家之上的強(qiáng)制機(jī)關(guān)。 (聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際法院也沒(méi)有強(qiáng)制管轄權(quán)。 )國(guó)際法的外在強(qiáng)制主要靠國(guó)家自己按照國(guó)際法，采取個(gè)別或者集體的行動(dòng)，包括要求違背國(guó)際義務(wù)、違反國(guó)際法的國(guó)家承擔(dān)國(guó)家責(zé)任，實(shí)行報(bào)復(fù)、進(jìn)行自衛(wèi) 。 What is the foundation of validity of international law? ? There are two main schools of thought: the naturalist school and the positivist school. ? The naturalist school advanced the view that natural law was the true source of international law。 ? while the positivist school looked state practice as the source of international law, seeking the basis of this law in the consent of the statesits subjects. ? The positivist scholars addressed the view that international law as law depended upon the sovereign consent
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