[法學(xué)]國際法的承認(rèn)與繼承課件(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-15 13:52 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 lating their conduct, and are willing to, and do, observe almost all principles of international law. The characters of International Law The difference between international and domestic law Subjects Enactive mechanism Enforcer Domestic law Natural person Legal person And so on Legislative anization Judicial anization Administrative Organization Police Army International law Nationstates, International anizations and with other political entities Nationstates, International anizations and with other political entities Nationstates, International anizations and with other political entities The characters of International Law ? First: states are the main subjects of international law, in addition, there are international anizations and other political entities with international personality.. ? 第一，國際法的主體主要是國家，此外，還有政府間國際組織，特別是世界性的國際組織（如聯(lián)合國）。 ? Second: international law regulates the international relations, especially the relations of sovereign states.. ? 第二，國際法的調(diào)整對象是國際關(guān)系，主要是主權(quán)國家之間的關(guān)系。 ? Third: there is no legislative anization in the world munity。 international law can be created by its own subjects, primarily the independent states, for their own purposes. ? 第三，國際法的制定主要是通過國家之間的協(xié)議來實現(xiàn)的，國際社會沒有專門的立法機關(guān)。 (例如第三次聯(lián)合國海洋法會議制定了 《 聯(lián)合國海洋法公約 》 ，又例如通過專門的外交會議制定了 《 維也納外交關(guān)系公約 》 。 ) ? Forth: although, there is no judicial anization and administrative anization on the international plane, international law can be applied by its own subjects. States themselves may take selfhelp measures, either through diplomatic means or through the use of force in selfdefense, to enjoy their rights and enforce their obligations.. ? 第四，在強制實施方面，國際法也與國內(nèi)法不同。 (在國內(nèi)，國家有強大的執(zhí)法手段，如法院、警察、軍隊、監(jiān)獄等，保證國內(nèi)法的實施。 )而國際法則沒有這樣居于國家之上的強制機關(guān)。 (聯(lián)合國國際法院也沒有強制管轄權(quán)。 )國際法的外在強制主要靠國家自己按照國際法，采取個別或者集體的行動，包括要求違背國際義務(wù)、違反國際法的國家承擔(dān)國家責(zé)任，實行報復(fù)、進(jìn)行自衛(wèi) 。 What is the foundation of validity of international law? ? There are two main schools of thought: the naturalist school and the positivist school. ? The naturalist school advanced the view that natural law was the true source of international law。 ? while the positivist school looked state practice as the source of international law, seeking the basis of this law in the consent of the statesits subjects. ? The positivist scholars addressed the view that international law as law depended upon the sovereign consent
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