中南大學(xué)測(cè)繪工程地理信息系統(tǒng)雙語(yǔ)課程復(fù)習(xí)基本概念整理(編輯修改稿)
2024-11-24 10:17 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 d analysis\management 利用 3S 技術(shù) (GIS、 GPS、 RS)、三維可視化技術(shù)（ VR）、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等對(duì)地球空間信息進(jìn)行編碼、存儲(chǔ)、轉(zhuǎn)換、分析和顯示的信息系統(tǒng)，真三維描述、可視化和分析管理的地理信息系 統(tǒng) WEBGIS（網(wǎng)絡(luò)地理信息系統(tǒng)）指基于 Inter 平臺(tái)，客戶(hù)端應(yīng)用軟件采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，運(yùn)用在 Inter 上的地理信息系統(tǒng)。一般由多主機(jī)，多數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和多個(gè)客戶(hù)端以分布式連接在Inter上而組成，包括以下四個(gè)部分： WEBGIS瀏覽器（ browser）， WEBGIS服務(wù)器， WEBGIS中南大學(xué)楊俊山整理 編輯器（ Editor） ,WEBGIS 信息代理 (imformation agent) 萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)地理信息系統(tǒng)，是 GIS與 的有機(jī)結(jié)合， GIS 通過(guò) 功能得到了擴(kuò)展，從 的任意一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，人們可以瀏覽和獲取 Web 上的各種地理空間數(shù)據(jù)及屬性數(shù)據(jù)、圖像、文件，以及進(jìn)行地理空間分析，地理數(shù)據(jù)的概念已擴(kuò)展為：分布式的、超媒體特性的、相互關(guān)聯(lián)的數(shù)據(jù)。 WEBGIS:Based on Inter platform, refers to the client application software using the work protocol used in the geographic information system of Inter Applet:小型 應(yīng)用程序 An applet is a program written in the Java programming language that can be included in an HTML page, much in the same way an image is included in a page. When you use a Java technologyenabled browser to view a page that contains an applet, the applet‘s code is transferred to your system and executed by the browser’ s(游覽器） Java Virtual Machine (JVM). ActiveX： ActiveX is a framework for defining reusable software ponents in a programming language independent way. Software applications can then be posed from one or more of these ponents in order to provide their functionality PlugIn： In puting, a plugin (or plugin) is a set of software ponents that adds specific abilities to a larger software application. If supported, plugins enable customizing the functionality of an application. For example, plugins are monly used in web browsers to play video, scan for viruses, and display new file types. Wellknown plugins examples include Adobe Flash Player 矢量結(jié)構(gòu)模型 vector structure 1： Spaghetti model:Spaghetti data structure represents a planar configuration of points, arcs, and areas. Geometry is represented as a set of lists of straightline segments. 2： Network model 3： Topological model The functions of Information System: Acquisition 數(shù)據(jù)獲取 Management 數(shù)據(jù)管理 Analysis數(shù)據(jù)分析 Representation 數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn) 空間信息的特性 中南大學(xué)楊俊山整理 The Speciality of Geographic Information 1： Spatial information 2： Multidimensional 3： Dynamic GIS 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)模型： Data structure of GIS VECTOR structure RASTER structure TIN structure Threedimensional model TGIS model 3D GIS model Others //數(shù)據(jù)獲取方式 GIS data acquisition: Graphic digitizer\Scanner\GPS\Photogrammetry survey \Mouse\Field survey\RS GIS Data format 數(shù)據(jù)形式 ARC DXF DLG SPOT TIGER ASCII OTHERS The attributes of spatial entities(空間特性 ) Geometric attribute 幾何 Thematic attribute 專(zhuān)題 Spatial relationship 空間 Time attribute 時(shí)間 空間實(shí)體的三張關(guān)系 1:Topological Relation 拓?fù)潢P(guān)系 2:Metric Relation 度量關(guān)系 3:Ordeer Relation 方向關(guān)系 Data models（數(shù)據(jù)模型） 1： Data model: refer to the mechanistic anization reflective of the logical 中南大學(xué)楊俊山整理 anization of data, an anization which has a semantic basis. 2： Dada modelling: is used for a prehensive set of conceptual tools for anizing data: 3： Data structure: is a more detailed practicaldescription of spatial phenomenon 空間數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)特點(diǎn) The properties of spatial database 1： Voluminous nature 2： Include attribute data and spatial data 3： Wide application 空間數(shù)據(jù)模型 Data model of spatial database Level model Net
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