中南大學(xué)測(cè)繪工程地理信息系統(tǒng)（雙語(yǔ)）課程復(fù)習(xí)基本概念整理-文庫(kù)吧
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【正文】 topological transformations. 歐拉公式： Euler equality: V+F = E + S V: the number of vertices E: the number of edges F: the number of faces S: the number of disconnected subobjects 歐拉數(shù)： For region:Eul（ L） = V+F S For point: Euler（ L） = V 中南大學(xué)楊俊山整理 For line (or tree):Eul（ L） = V S[Armstrong， 1983] For region with holes:Eul（ L） =C H[阮秋琦 ,2020] V: the number of vertices E: the number of edges F: the number of faces S: the number of disconnected subobjects C:The number of the connected ponent H: the number of the holes DTM DEM TIN Any digital representation of the continuous variation of relief over space is known as a digital elevation model (DEM) or digital terrain model (DTM). TIN :triangulated irregular work DEM： Digital Elevation Model； DTM： Digital Terrain Mode ； TIGER: Topological Integrated（拓?fù)淠Ｐ停?Geographic Encoding and Referencing. It is the name for the system and digital database developed at the Bureau in order to support its mapping needs for both the decennial census and other Bureau programs. Vagueness （模糊） : the realm of philosophy and logic. ‘ vague’ can be showed by the case of the ‘ bald’ man. Ambiguity:含糊 Ambiguity occurs when there is doubt as to how a phenomenon should be classified. SDTS: the Spatial Data Transfer Standard 1： Lineage 體系 2： Positional accuracy 位置準(zhǔn)確性 3： Attribute accuracy 屬性準(zhǔn)確性 4： Logical consistency 邏輯一致性 5： Completeness 完整性 GIS 的特性： TOOLS 工具 RESOURCE 資源 SERVICE 服務(wù) TECHNOLOGY 技術(shù) SCIENCE 學(xué)科 空間分析： 中南大學(xué)楊俊山整理 The process of modeling, examining, and interpreting model results. Spatial analysis is useful for evaluating suitability, for estimating and predicting, and for interpreting and understanding the location and distribution of geographic features and phenomena. 空間分析功能： Four traditional types of spatial analysis: topological overlay and contiguity analysis, surface analysis, linear analysis, rasteranalysis. 空間查詢： Spatial Query: Function that allows a user to find, display, and/or isolate attributes records linked to map features located within a defined area of interest window, circle, polygon or trace. 空間索引、： Based on spatial object position and shape or spatial object39。s space relation between some of the order by certain a data structure, including space objects, such as the object39。s summary information identification, circumrectangle and pointing to a pointer to the spatial object entity SAM： Spatial Access Methods SAM uses an explicit structure, called a spatial index(空間索引 ) MBB:Most monly used approximation is the minimum bounding rectangle of the objects39。 geometry, or minimal bounding box,denoted MBB 插值法： Interpolation: data for one or more points in space are used to produce estimated values for other positions at which it is not possible to record values directly. 外推法： Extrapolation: when we are outside the range of data points 3DGIS:三維地理信息系統(tǒng) 3DGIS is one of GIS which using the 3S technology (GIS, GPS, RS), 3d visualization technology (VR), puter technology on earth space information coding, storage, conversion, analysis and display information system, achieve the true 3d description\visualization an
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