外文翻譯--結(jié)構(gòu)工程在新時(shí)代遇到的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-11 02:41 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 y around the year 2560 BC toserve as his tomb.The way we define structural engineering today was most likely initiated at thetime of Lord Buddha, about 500 BC Greeks played very important roles during thistime – the Parthenon was built in 438 BC. Experience, intuition, and empirical rulesmight have played very crucial roles at this early stage of development. Stone andmasonry were the primary materials used for the construction. Then Aristotle(384322 BC) and Archimedes (287212 BC) came into the picture. They are credited withinitiating the development of the principles of statics. Then Romans started building arches, domes and vaults using stone, masonry, wood, and some metal. They did notuse any analytical principles, but used some basic forms to build their structures. This type of activity continued for about 1,000 years, say up to about 500 ADDesign philosophiesAdvances in numerical analysis techniques also identified the weaknesses in of these techniques work very well verifying failures but are generally unable toprevent failures. One of the main reasons for this is our inability to predict futureloadings and the corresponding material behavior. This is also reflected in thedevelopment in the design guidelinesIn a historical perspective, hazards in structural engineering were observed at least4,000 years ago. The earliest known building code was used in , the king of Babylonia, who died about 1750 BC, issued code were carved in stones and they can be seen in the Louvre in Paris. Theyaddressed many different issues including economic provisions (prices, tariffs, trade,and merce), family law (marriage and divorce), criminal law (assault, theft), andcivil law (slavery, debt). Current status of structural engineering We will first try to address issues related to structural/civil engineering , we would like to identify some of the areas where structural engineers havemade significant contributions in the recent past. In his own career, the first authorused slide rule, log table, Tsquare, bevel set squares, etc. For this discussion, evenobservations he made early in his career are considered to be old in a relative sense. Wewi
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