【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 given will shall 　　　have been given will 過去將來 should 　　　be given would should 　　　have been given would II．例題　例１ I learned that her father ____ in 1950.　A had died B died C dead D is dead　解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態(tài)，而用一般過去時態(tài)?！±?The fiveyearold girl ____ by her parents.　A is looked B has looked for　C is being looked for D has been looked　解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。（五）動詞虛擬語氣I． 要點　表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。?。薄?虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成 情景 條件從句的謂語動詞 主句的謂語動詞 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 動詞過去式 （be要用were） should 　　　　+動詞原形 would 與過去事實相反 had +過去分詞 should 　　　　+have+過去分詞 would 與將來事實相反 １、動詞過去時 ２、should +動詞原形 ３、were to +動詞原形 should 　　　?。珓釉~原形 would 　注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had, should, could有時可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have e to your party.　２、 虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用?。ǎ保?在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語形式是should(可省) ＋動詞原形，常用于以下三種句型中。　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.　　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.　　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.?。ǎ玻?在賓語從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, mand等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是(should)+動詞原形。如：I suggest that we (should) go swimming.?。ǎ常?在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是(should)＋動詞原形。如：His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. ?。ǎ矗?在同位語從句中，謂語形式是(should)＋動詞原形。如：We received order that the work be done at once.?。ǎ担?在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是動詞的過去式或 　should ＋動詞原形,should不可省。如：It39。s time (that) we went ( should go) to school.II． 例題　例１ We had hoped that he ____ longer.　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay　解析：該題正確答案為Ｄ。had hoped表示本希望，同樣用法的動詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語氣　例２ Mary wants to see you today.　I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today.　A es B came C should e D will e　解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語氣，用動詞過去時表示。　例３ Had she been older, she ____ it better.　A had done B might have done C might do D would do　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為Ｂ。（六）短語動詞I． 要點　英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：?。ǎ保?動詞＋介詞　常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：　Don39。t laugh at others.　I didn39。t care about it.?。ǎ玻?動詞＋副詞　常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You39。ll hand in your homework tomorrow.　 Please don39。t forget to hand it in.?。ǎ常?動詞＋副詞＋介詞　常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：　All his money added up to no more than $100.　After a short rest, he went on with his research work.?。ǎ矗?動詞＋名詞＋介詞　常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.　 We should make full use of our time.?。ǎ担?動詞＋形容詞　常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如： 　The prisoners were set free.　He cut it open.　（６） 動詞＋名詞　常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：　This story took place three years ago.　I make friends with a lot of people.?。?）辨析　give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up（放棄，停止）　put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （撲滅）　turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打開）　keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不讓靠近）　make up（編造，補上） 和 make out（辨認）　take off（脫，起飛） 和 take out（拿出）II． 例題　例１ It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.　A put away B kept up C given away D laid up　解析：該題正確答案為Ａ。意為存；keep up意為繼續(xù)；give away意為分發(fā)；lay up貯藏。例２ Here39。s my card. Let39。s keep in ____.　 A touch B relation C connection D friendship　解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為保持聯(lián)系?！±?____! There39。s a train ing.　A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on　解析：該題選A. look out 意為小心。（七）動詞不定式I． 要點?。?、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。 式｜語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 進行式 to be wr